生草覆盖对枣园土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Grass Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Jujube Orchard

本研究以延安地区多年生枣园土壤为研究对象,探讨了2种生草在不同覆盖模式下对枣园土壤理化性质的影响。通过设置无覆盖物的清耕组作为对照(CK),以及全草切碎覆盖(C_(1))和半草切碎覆盖(C_(2))2种模式,沙打旺(G_(1))和苦豆子(G_(2))2种生草,分别在覆盖后30 d(T_(1))、覆盖后60 d(T_(2))和覆盖后120 d(T_(3))进行采样,共设置13个处理组。研究重点分析了不同处理对土壤pH、电导率、有机质、速效磷、速效钾、铵态氮和硝态氮的影响。结果表明:沙打旺×全草覆盖模式可以显著提高土壤有机质、速效钾、铵态氮和硝态氮含量,其中速效钾以覆盖后30 d最高,有机质、铵态氮和硝态氮在覆盖后120 d达最高水平。苦豆子×全草覆盖模式下,土壤速效磷含量显著增加,且在覆盖后30 d达最高水平。综合分析,结合主成分分析对陕北枣园土壤理化环境指标做出综合评价,沙打旺和苦豆子当年种植对枣园土壤理化环境有明显改善作用,以全草覆盖模式最优,在覆盖后90~120 d效果最佳。研究为用地养地结合的枣园种植模式提供数据支持。

This study investigated the effects of two types of grass covered under different mulching patterns on the soil physical and chemical properties in perennial jujube orchards in the Yan’an region,aiming to provide data support for land use and cultivation integrated jujube planting models.The research used a clean tillage group without any cover as the control(CK),set up two types of grass including G_(1)(Astragalus adsurgens)and G_(2)(Sophora alopecuroides),two mulching methods of C_(1)(whole grass chopped cover)and C_(2)(half grass chopped cover),and three mulching periods of T_(1)(30 days after covering),T_(2)(60 days after covering)and T_(3)(120 days after covering),totaling 13 treatments.The study examined the impact on soil pH,electrical conductivity,organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.The results showed that the Astragalus adsurgens×whole grass cover pattern significantly enhanced soil organic matter,available potassium,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content,with the highest levels of available potassium at 30 days after covering and the highest levels of organic matter,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at 120 days after covering.Under the Sophora alopecuroides×whole grass cover pattern,soil available phosphorus content was significantly increased,reaching its peak level at 30 days after covering.Comprehensive analysis,combined with principal component analysis,provided a comprehensive evaluation of the soil physical and chemical environmental indicators in Northern Shaanxi’s jujube orchards.The results indicated that the immediate planting of Astragalus adsurgens and Sophora alopecuroides had a significant improvement effect on the soil physical and chemical environment of the jujube orchards,with the whole grass cover pattern being the most effective,showing the best results between 90 to 120 days after covering.