关于水费占农业生产成本合理比重的思考——以粮食作物为例

Reflection on the appropriate proportion of water costs in agricultural production expenses:a case study of grain crops

文章以水稻、小麦等主要粮食作物为例,分析了国内典型省份灌溉水费支出现状,按照促进农业节水、保障灌区良性运行、总体不增加农民负担的目标,构建了水费支出合理比重“帕累托最优”分析模型,计算了黑龙江、江苏等典型省份合理水费支出比重和水价水平,从深化粮食作物灌区水价改革、建立灌区水价调整与财政补贴联动机制、不断提高灌区管理水平和农户承受能力等方面提出相关对策建议。

Taking rice,wheat and other grain crops as examples,this paper analyzes the current situation of irrigation water expenditure in typical water-intensive provinces in China.For the purpose of promoting agricultural water saving and safe-guarding the sound operation of irrigation districts without increasing the burden of farmers in general,it builds a"Pareto Optimality"analysis model for the reasonable proportion of water costs and calculates the reasonable proportion of water costs and water price level in such provinces as Heilongjiang and Jiangsu.It further puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of deepening the reform of water price in grain crop irrigation districts,setting up a coordi-nation mechanism for adjusting the water price in irrigation districts and granting fiscal subsidies,and continuously impro-ving the management of irrigation districts and the affordability of farmers.