大豆品种及品种混合与玉米间作对玉米/大豆间作生产力的影响

Effects of Soybean Varieties and Mixed Soybean Intercropped with Maize on Productivity of Maize/Soybean Intercropping Systems

为筛选适宜于甘肃河西走廊灌区与玉米间作的大豆品种,提升玉米/大豆间作体系生产力。于2021—2022年在甘肃张掖开展田间试验,设置玉米分别与4个大豆品种间作:玉米/长农15(M/CN15)、玉米/陇中黄601(M/LZH601)、玉米/陇豆78-1(M/LD78-1)、玉米/Williams82(M/Williams82);玉米间作2个品种大豆混合,即玉米/(陇豆78-1+Williams82),记为M/2SM;玉米间作4个品种大豆混合,即玉米/(长农15+陇中黄601+陇豆78-1+Williams82),记为M/4SM。通过测定单间作条件下作物产量,分析各间作体系生产力(productivity)、土地当量比(Land Equivalent Ratio,LER)、作物偏土地当量比(partial Land Equivalent Ratio,pLER)、间作作物增产率(Overyielding,OY)、大豆相对于玉米竞争力(Aggressivity,A sm),以明确不同大豆品种对作物产量、体系生产力、种间资源竞争的影响。结果表明:各间作体系生产力均显著高于对应单作加权平均生产力,M/LD78-1、M/LZH601和M/CN15的总LER均大于1,M/Williams82、M/2SM和M/4SM的总LER均小于1,各间作体系大豆偏土地当量比(pLER_(s))均小于0.5,玉米偏土地当量比(pLER_(m))均大于0.5,M/LZH601中pLER m最高为0.72;各间作体系大豆的增产率(OY_(s))均为负值,玉米的增产率(OY_(m))均为正值,M/LZH601中玉米的增产率最高为44.13%;大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力值均为负值,M/LZH601中大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力最弱,为-0.673;A sm与间作体系生产力呈显著负相关。综上,大豆品种混合后与玉米间作无间作产量优势,陇中黄601是适宜河西走廊灌区玉米/大豆间作体系间作优势发挥的大豆品种。

In order to select suitable soybean varieties to intercrop with maize to improve productivity of maize/soybean intercropping system.A field experiment was carried out from 2021 to 2022 in Zhangye,Gansu province,China,the experimental treatments included:maize/Changnong 15(M/CN15),maize/Longzhonghuang 601(M/LZH601),maize/Longdou78-1(M/LD78-1),maize/Williams82(M/Williams82);and maize intercropped with mixed two varieties of soybeans,maize/(LD78-1+Williams82),recorded as M/2SM;maize intercropped with mixed four varieties of soybean,maize/(Changnong15+Longzhonghuang601+Longdou78-1+Williams82),recorded as M/4SM.We investigated crop yield of intercropped and pure stand,and analyzed the productivity of each intercropping system(productivity),land equivalent ratio(LER),partial land equivalent ratio(pLER),overyielding(OY),and aggressivity of soybean relative to maize(A sm)in order to clarify the effects of different soybean varieties on crop yield,intercropping system productivity,and interspecific interaction.The results showed that the productivity of each intercropping system was significantly higher than the weighted average productivity of the corresponding monocrops,the LER values of M/LD78-1,M/LZH601 and M/CN15 were greater than 1,whereas the LER value of M/Williams82,M/2SM and M/4SM were less than 1.The pLER s of each intercropping system were less than 0.5,whereas the pLER m was greater than 0.5,and the greatest pLER m of 0.72 was obtained by M/LZH601.The OY of soybean in each intercropping system was negative,and the OY of maize was positive,the highest OY of maize was obtained by M/LZH601 at 44.13%;the aggressivity value of soybean relative to maize was negative between intercropping systems,and the aggressivity value of soybean relative to maize in M/LZH601 was the weakest as-0.673.A sm was significantly negatively correlated to the productivity of the intercropping system.In summary,there was not intercropping yield advantage if maize intercropped with mixed soybean varieties,Longzhonghuang 601 is suitable varieties for maize/soybean intercropping system intercropping in the Hexi Corridor irrigation area.