密度与播量配置对鲜食大豆光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Density and Sowing Amount on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Vegetable Soybean

为探索福建省鲜食大豆种植适宜密度与播量,采用双因素裂区试验设计,分别设4个密度水平和4个播量水平,研究不同密度和播量配置对鲜食大豆光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:随着播量的增加,净光合速率(Pn)为上升趋势,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)为下降趋势;蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)及除种植18万和21万株·hm^(-2)处理外的气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度与大气CO_(2)浓度(Ca)比(Ci/Ca)呈先升后降趋势,蒸气压亏缺(VPD)呈先降后升趋势。同一播量下,随着密度的增大,Tr和Ci呈上升趋势。相同密度条件下随着播量增加,株高和底荚高度为上升趋势,而主茎节数表现为下降趋势,有效荚数呈逐渐下降趋势,除12万和15万株·hm^(-2)处理外产量均呈先升后降趋势。18万株·hm^(-2)和每穴2株组合鲜荚产量最佳,达11290.32 kg·hm^(-2),比12万、15万和21万株·hm^(-2)分别增产0.45%、5.71%和14.15%。综上所述,在福建省鲜食大豆种植以密度为18万株·hm^(-2)和每穴2株的栽培模式最佳。

In order to study the optimal density and sowing amount for the vegetable soybean planting in Fujian province.A two-factor splitted blocks design was used to study the effects of different density and sowing amount on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of vegetable soybean.Four density and four sowing amount levels were set up respectively.The results showed that with the increase of sowing amount,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)showed an upward trend,and the intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)showed a downward trend;the transpiration rate(Tr),relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),the stomatal conductance(Gs)and the ratio of intercellular CO_(2)to atmospheric CO_(2)(Ci/Ca)expect for the 180000 and 210000 plants·ha^(-1)were first increased and then decreased,and the vapor pressure deficit(VPD)was first decreased and then increased.Under the same sowing amount,as the density increases,Tr and Ci show an upward trend.Under the same density conditions,as the sowing amount increases.Plant height and pod height showed an upward trend,while the number of main stem nodes showed a downward trend.The number of effective pods showed a gradual downward trend.Except for the 120000 and 150000 plants·ha^(-1),the yield first increased and then declined.The yield of 180000 plants·ha^(-1)and two per hole of plants was the optimal,reaching 11290.32 kg·ha^(-1),which was 0.45%,5.71%and 14.15%higher than that of 120000,150000 and 210000 plants·ha^(-1),respectively.In summary,the planting pattern with a density of 180000 plants·ha^(-1)and sowing amount of two per hole of plants was the optimal for vegetable soybean planting in Fujian province.