太湖流域溇港圩田系统建设与管理的演进

Evolution in Construction and Management of Lougang Polder System in Taihu Basin

溇港圩田系统是古代太湖流域农田水利工程,它将浚河、筑堤、建闸、圩田等水利措施相统一。古代各朝代官方对太湖流域溇港圩田系统建设与维护的重视程度,随着太湖流域经济地位的提高而增加。自五代吴越国起,官方便设置了专门的水利机构;明清时期,政府多次制定管理制度来规范溇港的疏浚。在历代政府管理溇港的经验和技术逐渐丰富的基础上,晚清时期形成了一套成熟的溇港岁修制度。官方对太湖流域溇港圩田系统的维护与管理,为古代太湖流域经济的繁荣发展提供了坚实的基础。1949年以后虽然开启了太湖流域溇港圩田的制度化管理建设的新时代,但目前仍然面临土地需求增加、水污染和生态环境等问题和挑战,政府需通过科学合理的管理,使太湖流域溇港圩田系统更好地服务于经济的繁荣和社会的稳定。

The Lougang Polder System is an ancient water conservancy project in Taihu Lake basin that integrates water conservancy projects such as dredging,embankment,gate construction and polder field construction.In the Wuyue State of the Five Dynasties,the government set up specific agencies to manage water conservancy.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the government formulated several management systems to regulate the dredging of the Lougang.On the basis of the rich experience and technology of successive governments in managing Lougang,a set of mature annual maintenance system for Lougang was finally formed in the late Qing Dynasty.The official maintenance and management of the Lougang Polder System in Taihu Lake Basin provided a solid foundation for the prosperity and development of the ancient Taihu Lake basin.After 1949,a new era of institutionalized management and construction of the Lougang Polder in Taihu Lake Basin started.However,there are problems and challenges including land demand,water pollution and ecological environment.The government needs to make the system of Lougang Polder of Taihu Lake Basin better serve economic prosperity and social stability by scientific and reasonable management.