电动汽车虚拟储能支撑的多元调峰辅助服务优化

Optimization of Multi-element Peak Regulation Auxiliary Service Supported by Electric Vehicle Virtual Energy Storage

可再生能源出力的波动性加剧了电网调峰需求,大规模电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)聚合为虚拟储能可大幅提升系统调峰能力。然而,调峰需求方(风电､光伏等可再生能源运行商)与调峰供应方(火电站､储能系统等)之间的交易机制尚未完善,如何调动EV作为调峰供应方的积极性,在多元主体间合理分摊调峰辅助服务费用,成为亟需解决的问题。提出EV虚拟储能支撑的多元调峰优化调度及辅助服务费用分摊机制:首先,构建多元调峰辅助服务市场主体,包括风电、光伏、火电及EV虚拟储能等。其次,设计EV虚拟储能参与辅助服务费用分摊机制,风电、光伏等调峰需求方按各自发电容量比例,分摊火电及EV虚拟储能等调峰供应方所需的辅助服务费用。特别地,每辆EV根据其调峰的具体贡献给予补偿,充分体现EV车主作为储能自主参与电力市场的价值,并调动其参与调峰的积极性。然后,以系统运行总成本最低为目标构建日前调峰调度模型。最后,以湖北省某区域为例进行算例仿真,分析表明所提模型中EV虚拟储能的加入可有效降低系统运行总成本8.5%,同时提高系统调峰裕度,促进EV虚拟储能等灵活资源可持续发展。

The fluctuation of renewable energy output aggravates the peak regulation demand of power grid.The aggregation of a large number of electric vehicles(EVs)into virtual energy storage can greatly improve the peak regulation capacity of the system.However,the trading mechanism between the peak regulation demand side(renewable energy operators such as wind power and photovoltaic)and the peak regulation supply side(thermal power station,energy storage system,etc)is imperfect.How to mobilize the enthusiasm of EV as the peak regulation supply side and reasonably allocate the peak regulation auxiliary service costs among multiple entities has become an urgent problem to be solved.A multi-element peak regulation optimization scheduling and auxiliary service cost sharing mechanism supported by EV virtual energy storage is proposed.First,the members of multi-element peak regulation auxiliary service market are constructed,including wind power,photovoltaic,thermal power and EV virtual energy storage.Secondly,the EV virtual energy storage is designed to participate in the auxiliary service cost sharing mechanism.The peak regulation demand side such as wind power and photovoltaic share the auxiliary service costs required by the peak regulation supply side such as thermal power and EV virtual energy storage according to their respective power generation capacity ratios.In particular,each EV is compensated according to its specific contribution to peak regulation,which fully reflects the value of EV owners’independent participation in the electricity market as energy storage,and mobilizes their enthusiasm to participate in peak regulation.Then,a day-ahead peaking scheduling model is constructed with the goal of minimizing the total cost of system operation.Finally,an example simulation is carried out in a certain area of Hubei Province.The analysis shows that the addition of EV virtual energy storage in the proposed model can effectively reduce the total cost of system operation by 8.5%,improve the peak regulation margin of the system,and promote the sustainable development of flexible resources such as EV virtual energy storage.