活动强度、服装、温湿度参数影响下的能量代谢率实验研究

Experimental Study on the Metabolic Rate Influenced by Activity Intensity,Clothing,Temperature,and Humidity

能量代谢率作为影响人体热舒适的重要参数,其自身与许多因素相关.本研究以活动强度和服装两个人体行为因素以及温度和湿度两个外界环境因素为变量开展实验,并进一步讨论了它们对能量代谢率的影响.实验结果表明,活动强度在由静坐增加至2 km/h静走以及后续步行速度每次增加2 km/h后,人体的能量代谢率并不立即突变,而是会经历一个上升期,后在5 min之内趋于稳定,稳定后的能量代谢率数值随活动强度的增加而显著上升(p<0.001).温度对人体能量代谢率影响存在差异,这与活动强度相关,当人体处于较低活动强度时,冷或偏凉环境下温度的变化更能影响到能量代谢率,而在偏暖或热环境下温度的变化对其没有显著影响;恰恰相反的是,当人体处于较高活动强度时,偏暖或热环境下温度的变化更容易对能量代谢率产生影响,而在冷或偏凉环境下温度的变化则不容易对其产生影响.对于在寒冷环境下以较低活动强度运动的受试者,穿着更厚的服装可以起到保暖作用,降低了其能量代谢率.然而不同环境湿度下受试者的能量代谢率几乎没有差异(p>0.050),对于静坐和2 km/h、4 km/h和6 km/h的静走活动,50%和60%湿度工况代谢率分别平均相差0.8%、1.6%、2.5%和1.8%;60%和80%湿度工况代谢率分别平均相差4.5%、1.4%、1.7%和1.5%;50%和80%湿度工况代谢率分别平均相差5.2%、2.3%、2.2%和1.5%,即环境湿度对人体的能量代谢率的影响很小.研究结果对阐明能量代谢率与行为因素和热环境之间的关系具有重要意义.

The metabolic rate,a key factor in determining thermal comfort,is influenced by many factors.In this study,the impacts of four variables on metabolic rate were examined:two human behavioral factors(activity intensity and clothing)and two external environmental factors(temperature and humidity).Results revealed that the metabolic rate did not vary immediately following an increase in activity intensity,such as transitioning from sitting to walking at 2 km/h or increasing walking speed(2 km/h each time).Instead,it taked approximately 5 min for the metabolic rate to stabilize.Once steady,an increase in activity intensity leaded to a corresponding rise in metabolic rate,a correlation that is statistically significant(p<0.001).The effect of ambient temperature on the metabolic rate was tied to the level of activity.For instance,while at lower activity intensities,changes in temperature in cold or cool environments could affect the metabolic rate.However,in warm or hot environments,temperature changes did not significantly affect it.This was dynamically flipped when the body was engaged in higher-intensity activities;in these cases,temperature changes in warm or hot environments could affect the metabolic rate,but those in cold or cool environments do not.Moreover,individuals exercising at low activity intensities in cold environments could reduce their metabolic rate by wearing ticker clothing,thereby providing additional warmth.By contrast,variations in ambient humidity did not significantly impact the metabolic rate(p>0.050).To illustrate,for sitting and 2-,4-,and 6-km/h walking activities,the mean differences in the metabolic rate between 50%and 60%humidity conditions were 0.8%,1.6%,2.5%,and 1.8%,respectively.The mean differences between 60%and 80%humidity conditions were 4.5%,1.4%,1.7%,and 1.5%,respectively.The mean differences between 50%and 80%humidity conditions were 5.2%,2.3%,2.2%,and 1.5%,respectively.This suggests that the influence of humidity on metabolic rate is relatively insignificant.In conclusion,these results provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between thermal environment,behavioral factors,and metabolic rate.