意识形态话语权视域下苏联解体的动因及启示

The Motivation and Enlightenment of the Collapse of the Soviet Union in the Perspective of Ideological Discourse Power

苏联解体是历史合力的必然结果,戈尔巴乔夫提出“改革与新思维”,主动放弃意识形态话语权,影响尤为直接。脱离实际的民主化、毫无原则的公开性、放任自流的多元化、拥抱西方的国际化,成为苏联意识形态变异的温床。背离马克思主义,话语内核失重;苏共执政地位边缘化,话语主体失位;新闻舆论自由化,话语内容失控;西方“和平演变”大行其道,国际话语失衡。苏联解体是前车之鉴,倘若放弃马克思主义指导思想,放松共产党对意识形态工作的领导,放任新闻舆论,放纵西方“和平演变”,就会亡党亡国。中国要吸取苏联教训,坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位,坚持党管宣传党管意识形态党管媒体,坚持正面宣传与舆论斗争并重,坚持扩大社会主义国际话语权。

The collapse of the Soviet Union was the inevitable result of the combined forces of history.Gorbachev’s call for“reform and new thinking”and his abandonment of ideological discourse power had a direct impact on it.Unrealistic democratization,unprincipled openness unfettered pluralism,and internationalization embracing the West became the catalyst of Soviet ideological mutation.Departure from Marxism has led to a deviation at the core of discourse;the marginalization of the ruling position of the Soviet Communist Party has dislocated the main body of the discourse;the liberalization of the press and public opinion has led to the loss of control over the content of the discourse;and the prevalence of“peaceful evolution”in the West has led to an imbalance in the international discourse.The collapse of the Soviet Union serves as a crucial historical lesson.If we were to abandon the guiding ideology of Marxism,loosen the Communist Party’s leadership of ideological work,allow unrestricted freedom to the press and public opinion,and indulge in the“peaceful evolution”of the West,we would lose the Party and the country.China must draw the lessons from the Soviet Union,ensure that Marxism guides all our ideological work,uphold the Communist Party of China’s leadership over public communication,discourse,and media,give equal weight to positive communication and the battle for public opinion,and expand socialist discourse power on the international stage.