民国时期山西农村合作运动述评

A Review of Shanxi Rural Cooperative Movement during the Republic of China

20世纪二三十年代,中国多数农村经济凋敝,山西亦不例外。不少知识分子提出发展农村合作事业的主张。以阎锡山为首的山西省政府也意识到振兴农村的必要性与迫切性,遂决定开展农村合作运动。全面抗战爆发后,农村合作运动一度中断。从1942年开始,阎锡山政权开始实施“新经济政策”,并在抗战胜利后将之进一步强化。通过出台一系列政策,在政府行政力量的推动下,山西部分县份农村合作运动得到了一定程度的发展,不仅规模有所扩大、组织管理机构相对完善、业务增多,而且还开展了合作教育。但整体而言,阎锡山治下山西农村合作运动并未取得预期的效果,虽然建立了较多的合作社尤其是信用合作社,但是对农村社会产生的积极影响甚微,农村经济并未得到根本性的改观。

Economies in most of the rural collapsed in the 1920s and 1930s,and Shanxi was no exception.Many intellectuals put forward the idea of developing rural cooperation.Shanxi provincial government led by Yan Xishan also realized the necessity and urgency of revitalizing the countryside and decided to carry out the rural cooperation movement.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the rural cooperation movement was suspended for a time.Yan Xishan regime began to implement“New economic policy”since 1942,which was further strengthened after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.Through the introduction to a series of policies and the promotion of the government’s administrative force,the rural cooperation movement of some counties in Shanxi had been developed to a certain extent.The scale had expanded,the organization and management institutions had been relatively perfect,the business had increased,and cooperative education had also been carried out.However,on the whole,the rural cooperation movement in Shanxi under Yan Xishan during the Republic of China did not achieve the expected results.Although many cooperatives,especially credit cooperatives were established,they had little positive impact on the rural society and the rural economy was not fundamentally improved.