从生存经济到生态经济:山地智慧生态农业系统设计实践与研究

From Survival Economy to Ecological Economy:Design Practice and Research of Mountain Smart Eco-Agriculture System

山地是我国西南地区的主要地理特征,也是其农业发展的基础条件。传统山区农业发展以能源消耗为代价,在促进粮食增产、经济增值的同时也造成了山地生态系统的退化与环境污染,现代高效生态农业发展促使反思传统山区农业,从设计学角度提出由“生存经济”转向“生态经济”的智慧生态农业系统设计研究与实践有助于推动乡村振兴实践。研究从农业人类学出发考察传统山区农业的现状与问题,建构了适配山地农业现代发展需求的智慧生态农业系统设计模型,并以重庆江东营盘村为例进行了模型适配与设计实践,通过LCA全生命周期评价法对智慧生态农业系统进行自上而下的碳足迹模拟核算与比较分析。通过与传统山区农业模式的对比研究发现:营盘村智慧生态农业设计模式的碳足迹为82 792.97 kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),相比当地传统农业模式下的总碳足迹85 779.80 kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),山地智慧生态农业系统的碳足迹更小,而经济效益更高,在推进农业现代化的进程中有效实现减排。

Mountainous area is the main geographical feature of southwest China and the basic condition of its agricultural development.The development of traditional mountain agriculture at the cost of energy consumption has not only promoted grain production and economic value-added,but also caused the degradation of mountain ecosystems and environmental pollution.The development of modern and efficient ecological agriculture has prompted reflection on traditional mountain agriculture.The research and practice of smart eco-agriculture system design from “survival economy” to “ecological economy” is helpful to promote the practice of rural revitalization.The present situation and problems of traditional mountain agriculture were investigated from the perspective of agricultural anthropology,and a smart eco-agriculture system model adapted to the needs of modern development of mountain agriculture was constructed.The model adaptation and design practice was carried out with Yingpan Village in Jiangdong,Chongqing as an example,and the top-down carbon footprint simulation calculation and comparative analysis of the smart eco-agriculture system was carried out through LCA life cycle assessment method.Through the comparison with the traditional mountain agriculture model,we found that:The carbon footprint of Yingpan Village smart eco-agriculture design model is 82 792.97 kgCO_2-eq/hm~2,compared with the total carbon footprint of 85 779.80 kgCO_2-eq/hm~(2 )under the local traditional agricultural model,the carbon footprint of the mountain smart eco-agriculture system is smaller,and the economic benefit is higher,and the emission reduction is effectively achieved in the process of promoting agricultural modernization.