中国油气战略通道与能源安全

China's Oil and Gas Strategic Channels and Energy Security

油气资源的安全供给直接影响国家的经济社会发展,也关系到国家的政治军事安全。油气资源及产量在全球呈现不平衡分布的态势,油气供求格局亦呈现出明显的不平衡,从而凸显了油气战略通道的重要性,安全的运输通道成为保障能源供应安全的关键。近年来,由于油气对外依存度持续攀升和国际地缘政治竞争愈发激烈,导致我国海外油气供应安全紧张,尤其是海上能源通道风险加剧。虽然我国已形成了横跨中国东北、西北、西南和东部的三陆一海四大能源战略通道格局,但在油气进口过程中仍面临海陆能源战略通道容量、途径地区的地理环境及地缘政治关系等诸多风险挑战。为确保海外油气供应和国家能源安全,必须加强联合国维和力量、深化双边多边合作、加快调整我国进口能源战略通道布局、加强远洋海军和其他军事力量投放,多管齐下维护中国进口能源战略通道安全。

The safe supply of oil and gas resources directly affects the economic and social development of the country,and relates to the political and military security of the country.The distribution of oil and gas resources and production in the world is unbalanced,and the supply and demand pattern of oil and gas also shows an obvious imbalance,highlighting the importance of oil and gas strategic channels.Safe transportation channels have become the key to ensuring the security of energy supply.In recent years,due to the continuous increase in oil and gas dependence on foreign countries and the increasingly fierce international geopolitical competition,China's overseas oil and gas supply security has become tense,and especially the risk of offshore energy channels has intensified.Although China has formed a pattern of four major energy strategic channels(three land and one sea)across China's northeast,northwest,southwest,and east,it still faces many risks and challenges in the process of oil and gas import,such as the capacity of the energy strategic channels,the geographical environment of the regions on the route and geopolitical relations.To ensure overseas oil and gas supply and national energy security,it is necessary to strengthen the United Nations peacekeeping forces,deepen bilateral and multilateral cooperation,accelerate the adjustment of the layout of China's strategic channels for energy imports,strengthen the deployment of ocean-going navy and other military forces,and take a multi-pronged approach to maintain the security of China's strategic channels for energy imports.