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渣油加氢反应生成油发泡原因分析及处理措施

Cause Analysis and Measures against Foaming of Oils Generated By Reactions in Residue Hydrodesulfurization Units
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摘要 某渣油加氢装置在换剂后的1至3个月内,掺渣质量比提至80%后,频繁出现反应生成油发泡现象,严重影响装置平稳运行。初步判断原因为原料中沥青质、胶质在催化剂运行初期反应深度不足,芳香分在高活性催化剂作用下发生裂化反应,沥青质、胶质大量析出,使反应生成油发泡性增强,原料中杂质及反应系统中粉尘使气泡稳定性增强,气液分离效果变差,导致反应生成油发泡。在催化剂干燥及硫化阶段,延长开工油循环时间,提前投用注水系统及胺液循环系统;在开工阶段,控制开工阶段切入渣油的速度、提高渣油切入温度;在催化剂运行初期,平均床层温度升至357℃前,严格控制掺渣质量比不大于75%,可以有效避免反应生成油发泡。通过优化原料组成,调整反应温度、系统循环氢量、热高分入口温度等操作条件,可以有效应对渣油加氢装置反应生成油发泡问题。 Within 1 to 3 months after the catalyst replacement in a residue hydrodesulfurization unit,the foaming of oils generated by reactions occurred frequently after the mass ratio of residue blended was increased to 80%,seriously affecting the smooth operation of the unit.The preliminary conclusion is that the reaction depth of asphaltene and gum in raw materials is insufficient at the initial stage of catalyst operation,the cracking reaction of aromatic fractions occurs under the action of highly active catalysts,and a large amount of asphaltene and gum precipitates,which enhances the foaming property of the oils generated by reactions.The impurities in raw materials and the dust in the reaction system enhance the stability of bubbles,and the gas-liquid separation effect becomes worse,leading to the foaming of oils generated by reactions.The foaming of oils generated by reactions can be effectively avoided by prolonging the circulation time of start-up oils and putting water injection system and amine circulation system into use in advance at catalyst drying and vulcanization stage,controlling the speed of residue introduced and increasing the temperature of residue introduced at the start-up stage,and strictly controlling the mass ratio of residue blended to no more than 75% before the average bed temperature rises to 357℃ at the early stage of catalyst operation.By optimizing the composition of raw materials and adjusting the operating conditions including reaction temperature,amount of circulating hydrogen in the system,and inlet temperature of hot high pressure separator,the foaming of oils generated by reactions in residue hydrodesulfurization unit can be effectively solved.
作者 闫智斌 牟豪 颉兆龙 Yan Zhibin;Mu Hao;Xie Zhaolong(PetroChina Sichuan Petrochemical Company,Chengdu Sichuan 611930)
出处 《中外能源》 CAS 2024年第12期71-75,共5页 Sino-Global Energy
关键词 渣油加氢 反应生成油 发泡 热高分 residue hydrodesulfurization oils generated by reactions foaming hot high pressure separator
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