企业责任式创新:研究综述与未来展望

Corporate Responsible Innovation:A Literature Review and Future Directions

21世纪初,欧美学者开始从国家战略与宏观政策角度强调科技创新的责任议题,提出“责任式创新”概念,指通过更多成员参与和响应性制度建立,将创新引导至道德伦理可接受、社会需求与社会期望满足的结果导向,以最大化创新的公共价值。近年来,这一概念逐渐成为创新主体开展创新实践的重要路径选择,但学术界对企业责任式创新的研究尚处于起步阶段,缺乏研究梳理与系统评述。鉴于此,本文对WOS和CSSCI数据库中相关论文开展文献计量、突现词分析和聚类分析,阐述企业责任式创新的实施现状,梳理其概念与测量,从驱动因素、障碍因素、情境因素三个方面分析其前因,从正面影响、负面影响、不确定性三个方面分析其结果。进一步地,从内涵深化与量表开发、驱动因素、作用机制三个方面进行展望,以期为研究者把握企业责任式创新的研究现状与发展趋势提供参考,对企业认识和开展责任式创新实践提供启发。

Responsible innovation(RI)originated in the early 21lst century.The concept emphasizes on the responsibility of scientific and technological innovation from the perspective of national strategies and macro policies in Europe and the United States.RI is an innovative activity established through the participation of more stakeholders and the establishment of responsive institutions,guiding innovation towards ethical acceptability and socially desirable and socially acceptable ends,in order to achieve the maximum public value.In recent years,it has gradually extended to innovation practices,becoming a critical choice for the deeply implement of innovation-driven development strategy.However,due to the inherent uncertainty of innovation and the prolonged lag in the results it brings,coupled with a lack of awareness among some enterprises about innovation responsibility,the recognition and acceptance of RI by enterprises remain relatively low.As key actors in technological innovation,enterprises naturally play a central role in implementing RI.Exploring RI in enterprises is crucial for advancing research and practices related to RI,yet the RI research focusing on enterprises is still at its early stage,lacking of a systematic review.In this study we hence conducted a bibliometric analysis,an emergent word analysis and cluster analysis of RI papers from the WOS and CSSCI databases to explain the performance of corporate responsible innovation(CRI).The academic research on CRI is found to mainly cover four aspects:progress in practice,conceptual content,antecedent research,and consequence research.Therefore,we elaborated on the current implementation status of CRI,examined the concepts and measurements of CRI,analyzed CRI's antecedent from the perspectives of driving,obstacle and situational factors,as well as CRI's consequence from the dimensions of positive,negative and uncertain impacts.Research has found that the level of RI implementation in enterprises is challenging to discern and objectively evaluate,and the methods employed by enterprises in carrying out RI have not been systematically practiced and discussed,which are significant reasons for the slow progress of the RI paradigm at the enterprise level.There is an urgent need to explore the connotation of CRI and develop measurement scales to promote theoretical exploration at the enterprise level.Regarding antecedent research,there is a lack of quantitative exploration of the driving and obstacle factors of enterprises implementing RI,and systematic studies on situational factors are also lacking.In terms of consequence research,existing studies have not thoroughly discussed the effectiveness of enterprises implementing RI,significantly impacting the widespread application of the RI paradigm at the enterprise level.Therefore,the current focus in academic efforts is on how to deepen the concept of RI from a theoretical and conceptual framework to guide enterprise innovation practices:Based on the aforementioned literature analysis,we put forward three future directions as deepening the connotation and scale development,driving factors,and influence mechanism.ODeepening the connotation and developing measurement scales of CRI,using a framework of"one subject,one element,four objectives".The scale development should consider industry characteristics,institutional environments,enterprise life cycles and other representative situations,and may involve external evaluation or a combination of external evaluation and self-evaluation to reduce subjectivity.②In terms of driving factors,a framework of driving factors for CRI is proposed,with RI motivation as the core triggering variable,and two internal factors within an organizationelements and systems of RI,as well as three external factors outside an organizationmarket pressure,policy pressure,and normative pressure.@Regarding influence mechanism,exploring the positive effects of CRI on production operations and high-quality development.It suggests delving into the mechanisms of RI in different industries,types of enterprises,and enterprise life cycles to make the research results more applicable to the practice of CRI.In summary,this study contributes to the CRI research by understanding its current status and development trend,which can be beneficial for enterprises to recognize and actively promote their RI practices.