新型微针递送系统在雄激素性脱发治疗中的应用进展

Novel microneedle delivery systems applied to androgenetic alopecia:a review

雄激素性脱发(androgenetic alopecia,AGA)主要表现为毛发生理周期异常、毛囊逐步微型化及生长期缩短与休止期延长。目前,非那雄胺和米诺地尔是治疗AGA的首选药物,同时多种中药提取物和有效成分亦展示出良好的治疗效果。除口服和注射等给药方式外,经皮给药系统(transdermal drug delivery sys⁃tems,TDDS)可以直接作用于受损皮肤,避免了药物在胃肠道中的降解及肝脏的首过效应。然而,传统TDDS的效果常受到角质层屏障的限制。微针技术作为一种创新的TDDS,通过穿透皮肤角质层屏障,不仅显著提升了药物递送效率,而且减少了给药频率,从而提高患者依从性。本文从AGA的发病机制出发,梳理了各类有效药物,并着重介绍了微针递送系统治疗AGA的应用进展。最后,讨论了微针技术当前面临的挑战,并针对未来研究方向提出建议。

Androgenetic alopecia(AGA)is primarily characterized by disruptions in the hair growth cycle,follicular miniaturization,shortened anagen phases,and elongated telogen phases.Currently,finasteride and minoxidil are the preferred treatments for AGA,as well as various promising extracts and active compounds from traditional Chinese medicine.Beside oral and injectable forms,transdermal drug delivery systems(TDDS)enable direct targeting affected skin areas,bypassing gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first⁃pass metabolism.However,the effectiveness of traditional TDDS is often impeded by the protective barrier of the stratum corneum.Utilizing microneedle technology,an innovative advancement in TDDS,effectively overcomes this barrier,significantly enhancing drug delivery efficiency while reducing frequency of administration,thus improving patient compliance.This review initiates with an exploration of the pathogenesis of AGA,enumerates various therapeutic agents,and specifically accentuates the evolving application of microneedle delivery systems in the management of AGA.We conclude with a discussion of the current challenges and propose directions for future research of microneedle technology.