重症监护病房探视制度的研究进展

Research progress of visitation system in intensive care unit

探视制度普遍应用于重症监护病房(ICU)中,在ICU内实施探视制度可满足患者和家属需求、改善患者不良情绪并提高其满意度.然而国内外目前开展的ICU探视模式各不相同,本文总结了国内外现有的ICU探视模式(包括限制性探视、非限制性探视即以患者家庭为中心的探视和新型探视),并分析现有探视模式在ICU内实施的影响因素,总结为感染预防与控制、ICU护理人员、ICU患者和家属,从而为发展适合我国的探视模式提供参考.

The visitation system is widely used in intensive care unit(ICU),and the implementation of the visitation system in ICU can meet the needs of patients and their families,alleviate their negative emotions,and improve their satisfaction.However,the current visitation mode in ICU at home and abroad are different.Therefore,this paper summarizes and introduces the existing types of visiting mode in ICU at home and abroad(including restricted visiting,non-restricted visiting,that is,family-centered visits and new visits),and analyzes the influencing factors of the implementation of the existing visitation mode in ICU.The influencing factors are infection prevention and control factors,ICU nursing staff factors,ICU patients and family factors,which provide reference for the development of suitable visitation mode in China.