基于“人-业-地”视角的旅游型乡村社区韧性评估及其影响因素——以张家界市马儿山村为例

Assessment on Tourist Rural Communities from the Perspective of People-Industry-Land and Its Influencing Factors:A Case of Ma’ershan Village in Zhangjiajie City

文章选取湖南省张家界市西线旅游门户马儿山村为研究对象,通过参与式农村评估法(PRA)进行旅游型乡村社区韧性调查研究;运用德尔菲法(Delphi)、层次分析法(AHP)构建了基于“人-业-地”视角6个维度、18个指标的旅游型乡村社区韧性多因素综合评估模型和评价指标体系;利用综合指数法计算韧性指数;运用因子分析法提取影响韧性的主要贡献因子,最后提出旅游型乡村社区韧性治理策略。研究结果表明:①马儿山村旅游型乡村社区韧性由高到低依次为:经济韧性(0.0161)、生态韧性(0.0122)、组织韧性(0.0100)、主体韧性(0.0074)、空间韧性(0.0050)和文化韧性(0.0036);②影响马儿山村韧性的6个主要因子从大到小分别为文化因子、生态因子、经济因子、主体因子、空间因子和组织因子。最后,基于“人-业-地”视角从乡村社区内生性发展、相关“业”态可持续发展、乡村旅游高质量发展等方面提出旅游型乡村社区韧性治理策略。

This paper selected Ma’ershan Village,the western tourism gateway of Zhangjiajie City in Hunan Province,as the research object,investigated and studied the tourism community resilience through the participatory rural assessment(PRA)method,and built a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model and also an evaluation index system for the tourism rural resilience based on 18 indicators of 6 dimensions from the perspective of people-industry-land with Delphi method and AHP method.It used the comprehensive index method to calculate the resilience index,used the factor analysis method to extract the main contribution factors affecting resilience,and finally proposed the tourism rural community resilience management strategies.The research results show that:①the rural tourism community resilience of Ma’ershan Village from high to low were economic resilience(0.0161),ecological resilience(0.0122),organizational resilience(0.0100),subject resilience(0.0074),spatial resilience(0.0050)and cultural resilience(0.0036)respectively.②The six main factors affecting the resilience of Ma’ershan Village were cultural factor,ecological factor,economic factor,subject factor,spatial factor and organizational factor.Finally,based on the perspective of people-industry-land,the paper puts forward the resilient governance strategies for rural tourism community from the aspects of the internal development of rural community,the sustainable development of the related“businesses”and the high-quality development of rural tourism.