天山云杉球果和针叶性状对海拔梯度的响应特征

Characteristics of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica cones and needles traits in response to altitudinal gradients

【目的】研究天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica)球果和针叶性状对海拔梯度的适应机制。【方法】选择天山山脉从东到西处于不同经度位置4个地点的天山云杉林,采集测定不同种群天山云杉球果和针叶性状,采用Tukey's HSD多重比较、相关性及回归分析等方法分析表型和功能性状的分布特征。【结果】天山云杉球果和针叶性状在不同海拔梯度间差异显著;表型可塑性指数在不同海拔梯度存在不同程度差异,天山云杉球果和针叶性状可塑性指数随海拔的上升而变大;55对性状组合中,有34对组合呈极显著相关水平(P<0.01),包括25对组合呈极显著正相关,9对组合呈极显著负相关;天山云杉表型性状整体上随海拔梯度的升高呈显著减小趋势,功能性状整体上随海拔的升高呈曲线变化趋势。【结论】天山北坡海拔因子对天山云杉表型和功能性状的影响显著,天山云杉通过多个性状的相互协调和资源分配适应外部垂直海拔梯度变化的生存环境。

【Objective】In order to explore the adaptation mechanism of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica)cones and needles traits to altitudinal gradient.【Methods】Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forests were selected from east to west of the TianShan Mountains at different longitude positions,and different populations of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica were collected and measured for the traits of cones and needles,and the distribution characteristics of the phenotypic and functional traits and their correlations were analyzed by using Tukey's HSD multiple comparisons,correlation analyses,and regression analyses.【Results】Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica cone and needles traits varied significantly among different elevation gradients;phenotypic plasticity indices varied to different degrees among different elevation gradients,and overall,the plasticity indices of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica cones and needle traits became larger with the increase of elevation;Among the 55 pairs of trait combinations,34 pairs of combinations showed highly significant correlation levels(P<0.01),including 25 pairs of highly significant positive correlations and 9 pairs of highly significant negative correlations.Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica phenotypic traits as a whole showed a significant decreasing trend with the elevation gradient,and functional traits as a whole showed a curvilinear variance trend with the elevation gradient.【Conclusion】Altitudinal factors on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains significantly affect the phenotypic and functional traits of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica,which adapt to the survival environment of the external vertical altitudinal gradient through the mutual coordination of multiple traits and resource allocation.