滑坡光纤神经感测系统:技术与应用

Fiber optic nerve sensing system for landslide monitoring:Technology and application

滑坡灾害在我国分布广泛,实施有效的监测预警和风险管理措施是该领域防灾减灾的关键。近几十年来,分布式光纤传感技术(distributed fiber optic sensing,简称DFOS)在滑坡监测领域取得了显著进展,相较于常规监测方法具有分布式、长距离、大量程和多参量监测的优势。首先介绍了几种有代表性的光纤传感技术,提出滑坡光纤神经感测系统的概念,并详细阐述了各类光纤传感器的工作原理及其布设工法。在此基础上,介绍了2个利用超弱反射光纤布拉格光栅(ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating,简称UWFBG)监测技术的典型滑坡案例,并进一步讨论了当前存在的技术瓶颈。案例分析结果表明,光纤神经感测系统能实现远程、实时、高精度的地下多参量数据采集,可准确探测潜在滑面及其他关键界面位置,界面处的多物理量变化为揭示滑坡地下演化过程提供了重要的数据支持,为滑坡预测预警提供了新的思路。

[Significance]Landslide disasters are widely distributed in China.Effective monitoring,early warning,and risk management measures are key to disaster prevention and mitigation.[Progress]Compared with conventional techniques,distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)technology has made significant progress in landslide monitoring in recent decades,owing to its strengths in distributed,long-distance,large-range,and multiparameter monitoring.This paper first introduces several representative fiber optic sensing technologies,then proposes the concept of a fiber optic neural sensing system for landslides,and last elaborates the working principles of various fiber optic sensors and their deployment methods.Two typical landslide monitoring cases using ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating(UWFBG)monitoring technology are introduced,and the current technical bottlenecks are discussed.[Conclusions and Prospects]The case studies show that the fiber optic neural sensing system can achieve remote,real-time,high-precision underground multiparameter data acquisition,accurately detect potential slip surfaces and other key interfaces.Additionally,multiphysical changes at these interfaces provide important data support for understanding the underground evolution of landslides,which offers new insights into landslide prediction and early warning.