温度响应性水凝胶在骨组织工程中的应用特征

Application characteristics of thermosensitive hydrogels in bone tissue engineering

背景:温度响应性水凝胶因具备类似于细胞外基质的结构、对温度具有智能敏感性,被广泛应用于骨组织工程。目的:阐述温度响应性水凝胶产生溶胶-凝胶相变的机制,根据其来源进行分类,总结各类温度响应性水凝胶在骨组织工程领域的应用。方法:由第一作者在中国知网、PubMed数据库检索2000-2024年发表的相关文献,中文检索关键词为“水凝胶,温度响应性水凝胶,骨修复,骨再生,骨组织工程”,英文检索关键词为“hydrogel,thermosensitive hydrogel,bone repair,bone tissue engineering,bone regeneration”,最终选取70篇符合标准的文献进行综述。结果与结论:温度响应性水凝胶的温敏机制根据反应不同可分为负敏感型和正敏感型,其组成主要分为天然聚合物与合成聚合物。目前的研究发现,温度响应性水凝胶除了以传统方式作为支架材料应用于骨组织工程,3D打印支架也逐渐兴起。除此之外,温度响应性水凝胶因自身特性还可应用于三维细胞培养与药物缓释等方面。目前对于温度响应性水凝胶的开发还不够完善,还存在不能精准控制相变温度、缓释速率、机械强度低、生物降解性低等问题,因此,开发出性能更加稳定的温度响应性水凝胶仍是目前应解决的问题。

BACKGROUND:Thermoresponsive hydrogels are widely used in bone tissue engineering due to their structural similarity to extracellular matrix and their intelligent temperature sensitivity.OBJECTIVE:To explain the mechanism of temperature-responsive hydrogels producing sol-gel phase transitions,classify them based on their sources,and summarize the applications of various temperature-responsive hydrogels in bone tissue engineering.METHODS:The first author searched for relevant literature on CNKI and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2024,using search terms“hydrogel,thermosensitive hydrogel,bone repair,bone regeneration,bone tissue engineering”in Chinese and English.A total of 70 eligible articles were finally selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The temperature-sensitive mechanism of thermosensitive hydrogels can be divided into negative sensitive and positive sensitive according to different reactions.Its composition is mainly divided into natural polymer and synthetic polymer.Current research has found that in addition to the traditional way of using temperature-sensitive hydrogels as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering,3D printed scaffolds are also gradually emerging.In addition,thermosensitive hydrogels can also be used in 3D cell culture and drug slow release due to their own characteristics.At present,the development of thermosensitive hydrogels is not perfect enough.There are still problems such as the inability to accurately control the phase transition temperature,sustained release rate,low mechanical strength,and low biodegradability.Therefore,developing thermosensitive hydrogels with more stable properties is still a problem that we should solve at present.