Janus微/纳米颗粒在生物医学中的应用

Application of Janus micro/nanoparticles in biomedicine

背景:Janus微/纳米颗粒因具有形状、结构、功能各向异性被广泛应用于组织工程、药物递送、癌症治疗、生物影像和传感等医学领域。目的:阐述Janus微/纳米颗粒在生物医学的前沿应用。方法:通过计算机检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库中2010-2024年发表的相关文献,分别以“Janus纳米颗粒,Janus颗粒,双面神颗粒,药物递送,癌症治疗,生物影像,生物传感,组织工程”和“Janus nanoparticle,Janus particle,Drug delivery,Cancer therapy,Biosensing,Bioimaging,Tissue engineering”为中、英文检索词,进行筛选、整理、归纳、总结,最终纳入69篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:Janus微/纳米颗粒可根据基础材料性质分为有机、无机、有机-无机复合三大类,其合成策略有遮蔽、自组装、相分离、微流控和成核生长等。Janus微/纳米颗粒可通过高负载率、门控释放、自主运动等特性进行高效率药物递送。Janus微/纳米颗粒除了增强传统癌症治疗措施(放化疗)的治疗效果外,还可以应用于细胞免疫、蛋白药物、细胞铁死亡等新兴癌症治疗方法;可应用于增强生物影像(CT、MRI、超声)的增敏剂,实现高质量成像,用于指导诊断和治疗;可通过运载生长因子、增强生物支架机械性能和抗菌效果,应用于组织工程。综合目前的研究,研究者们通过集合不同有机聚合物、无机材料的物化特性以不同的合成策略合成功能定制的Janus微/纳米颗粒,应用于复杂的生物医学领域。目前Janus微/纳米颗粒应用于组织再生领域、大规模生产和人体临床试验的报道较少,因此该类材料的开发、合成策略、临床安全评估和转化仍需投入更大的研究力度。

BACKGROUND:Janus micro/nanoparticles are widely used in the field of tissue engineering,drug delivery,cancer therapy,bioimaging,and sensing due to their shape,structure,and functional anisotropy.OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the cutting-edge applications of Janus micro/nanoparticles in biomedicine.METHODS:Relevant literature published between 2010 and 2024 was retrieved from CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,and Web of Science databases.Searches were conducted using Chinese search terms“Janus nanoparticle,Janus particle,dual-faced particle,drug delivery,cancer therapy,bioimaging,biosensing,tissue engineering”and English search terms“Janus nanoparticle,Janus particle,drug delivery,cancer therapy,biosensing,bioimaging,tissue engineering.”A total of 69 articles were selected for review after screening,organizing,summarizing,and synthesizing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Janus micro/nanoparticles can be classified into three major categories based on their basic material properties:organic,inorganic,and organic-inorganic composites.Synthetic strategies consist of shielding,self-assembly,phase separation,microfluidics,and nucleation and growth techniques.Janus micro/nanoparticles exhibit high-efficiency drug delivery through characteristics such as high drug loading,gated release,and autonomous motion.In addition to enhancing traditional cancer treatment modalities(radiation and chemotherapy),Janus micro/nanoparticles can also be applied to emerging cancer treatment methods such as cell immunotherapy,protein drugs,and ferroptosis.Janus micro/nanoparticles serve as contrast agents to enhance bioimaging modalities(CT,MRI,and ultrasound)for high-quality imaging,guiding diagnosis and treatment.Janus micro/nanoparticles are utilized in tissue engineering for delivering growth factors,enhancing mechanical properties of biomaterials,and exhibiting antibacterial effects.Researchers have successfully tailored Janus micro/nanoparticles with desired functionalities by combining different organic polymers and inorganic materials using various synthetic strategies,enabling applications in complex biomedical fields.Despite current advancements,reports on the application of Janus micro/nanoparticles in tissue regeneration,large-scale production,and human clinical trials are relatively limited.Therefore,further research efforts are needed in the development,synthetic strategies,clinical safety assessment,and translation of such materials.