MOFs基材料对水中重金属离子的吸附研究进展

Research Progress on Adsorption of Metal-organic Framework Based Materials for Heavy Metal Ions

金属有机框架(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)材料作为一类新兴的多孔材料,具有高的比表面积、可调节的孔径和结构、表面易修饰和功能化等特点,在水处理领域的应用受到了人们的高度关注。近年来,研究人员设计合成了多种MOFs材料并研究了其对水中重金属离子的吸附性能和吸附机理。为了进一步提高材料的吸附量、结构稳定性和吸附选择性,研究者们还通过在MOFs中引入各种官能团或不饱和金属位点获得改性MOFs材料、与其他材料相结合构筑MOFs复合材料以及对MOFs进行后处理制备MOFs衍生碳材料的策略开发了不同类型的MOFs基材料。本文综述了近年来报道的MOFs材料、改性MOFs材料、MOFs复合材料以及MOFs衍生碳材料的构筑方法,阐述了不同MOFs基材料对水中重金属离子的吸附性能及吸附机理,分析了目前MOFs基材料在实际应用时存在的问题,并对未来重点研究方向进行了展望。

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),a kind of novel porous materials,have drawn significant attentions in research of water treatment field due to their characteristics such as high specific surface area,adjustable pore size and structure,facile surface modification and functiona-lization and so on.In recent years,many researchers have designed and synthesized a variety of MOFs materials and investigated their adsorption performance and adsorption mechanism for heavy metal ions in aqueous solution.In order to further improve the adsorption capacity,structural stability and adsorption selectivity,researchers have also developed various MOFs-based materials by introducing different functional groups or unsaturated metal sites into the MOFs to obtain modified MOFs materials,combining with other materials to construct MOFs composites,and post-processing the MOFs to prepare MOFs-derived carbon materials.This paper reviews the construction methods of MOFs materials,modified MOFs materials,MOFs composites and MOFs-derived carbon materials reported in recent years,expounds the adsorption performance for heavy metal ions in aqueous solution and the adsorption mechanisms,analyzes the current problems of the MOFs-based materials in the practical application,and prospects the key research directions in the future.