基于DEA模型的科创板上市医疗器械公司创新效率动态评价研究

Dynamic Evaluation of Innovation Efficiency of Medical Device Companies Listed on SSE STAR Market Based on DEA Model

科创板上市医疗器械公司在突破关键核心技术、提高自主创新能力和提升国际竞争力方面具有重要意义,而目前尚无学者对此行业的创新效率进行研究。本文利用三阶段DEA模型对35家科创板上市医疗器械公司在2021年的创新效率进行横截面分析,并在二阶段剔除环境因素和随机误差干扰的基础上利用DEA-Malmquist指数模型对2019—2021年的创新效率变化进行动态分析。三阶段DEA模型结果显示,2021年科创板上市医疗器械公司的创新效率提升主要是由管理与技术要素驱动。DEA-Malmquist指数模型结果显示,科创板上市医疗器械公司的创新效率在2019—2021年期间整体不断提升,其中创新资源利用率有所提升,纯技术水平提升明显但未得到充分利用,创新投入则超出最佳投入规模。科创板上市医疗器械公司的创新效率在2019—2021年普遍有所提高,但整体创新效率仍然偏低。所在省份人均GDP、政府补助和资产负债率越高的企业在技术创新时越容易出现投入冗余,应鼓励企业将低价值生产环节向生产成本更低省份转移,鼓励所在人均GDP省份较低的医疗器械公司在科创板上市融资。

Medical device companies of SSE STAR Market are of great significance in breaking through key core technologies,improving independent innovation ability and enhancing international competitiveness.However,no scholar has studied the innovation efficiency of these companies.In this paper,a three-stage DEA model is firstly used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the innovation efficiency of 35 medical device companies of SSE STAR Market in 2021.Then the DEA-Malmquist index model is used to dynamically analyze the change of their innovation efficiency from 2019 to 2021 by eliminating the environmental factors and random error interference in stage two.The results of the three-stage DEA model show that the innovation and development of medical device companies of SSE STAR Market in 2021 is mainly driven by management and technical factors.Without considering the influence of environmental factors and random errors,the overall innovation efficiency of medical device companies is underestimated.The results of DEA-Malmquist index model show that the overall innovation efficiency of medical device companies of SSE STAR Market kept improving during 2019 to 2021.Among concerned efficiencies,the utilization efficiency of innovation resources improved,the pure technological efficiency improved significantly but the technology was not fully utilized,and the innovation input exceeded the optimal investment scale.Generally,the innovation efficiency of medical device companies of SSE STAR Market improved from 2019 to 2021,but the overall innovation efficiency was still low.The increase of provincial per capita GDP,government subsidies and asset-liability ratio is not favorable to the reduction of the redundancy of capital and manpower input of enterprises in the process of technological innovation.Enterprises should be encouraged to transfer low-value production to provinces with lower production costs.At the same time,medical device companies in cities with relatively low per capita GDP should be encouraged to seek financing from SSE STAR Market.