领导幽默与追随者建言行为:基于经验取样法的研究

Leader Humor and Follower Voice Behavior:A Study Based on Empirical Sampling Method

在激烈的市场竞争和工作环境中,领导幽默能够通过塑造工作场所乐趣提高生产力,得到了理论界和实践界的共同关注。已有研究更多关注领导幽默对追随者的角色内产出的影响,研究的理论视角通常以领导为中心,忽视了追随者在互动过程中的主动动机。因此,需要对领导幽默如何通过激发主动动机对追随者建言行为产生影响及其边界机制进行深入探讨。基于主动动机模型,从领导者和追随者的互动过程出发,探讨领导幽默对追随者建言行为的直接影响,角色宽度自我效能感、工作享受和积极情绪的中介效应,以及追随者权力距离在领导幽默和3种主动动机之间的调节效应。使用经验取样法,通过获取221名追随者连续5周的1028条有效数据,运用Mplus 8.0进行跨层分析,检验领导幽默对追随者建言行为的主效应,追随者权力距离的调节作用。采用蒙特卡洛20000次抽样进行分析,检验角色宽度自我效能感、工作享受和积极情绪的中介效应及其被调节的中介效应。研究结果表明,(1)领导幽默能够正向影响追随者建言行为。(2)角色宽度自我效能感、工作享受以及积极情绪在领导幽默与追随者建言行为之间发挥中介作用,且三者之间的中介作用没有显著差异。(3)追随者权力距离对领导幽默和工作享受之间的关系具有正向调节作用,权力距离越高,领导幽默对工作享受的积极影响越强。此外,追随者权力距离正向调节领导幽默通过工作享受对建言行为的中介作用,当权力距离较高时,工作享受的中介作用更强,从而表现出有调节的中介作用。但对角色宽度自我效能感和积极情绪两条中介路径没有显著影响。研究结果从领导者和追随者的互动过程出发,将领导幽默的作用效果从角色内扩展到角色外,并为领导幽默的作用机制增加了动机视角,从作用效果和理论视角两个方面拓展了领导幽默的研究。借助主动动机模型,探讨了建言行为的多路径触发机制,为建言的相关研究提供了整合框架。通过考察主动动机模型的3条动机路径,并关注追随者价值观作为边界条件对不同动机路径的影响,进一步丰富了主动动机模型在领导幽默和建言行为两个领域中的理论应用。研究结论对于领导者如何正确使用幽默从而激发追随者建言行为具有一定的指导意义。

In the fierce market competition and work environment,leader humor can improve productivity by amusing followers,which has attracted the attention of both theoretical and practical scholars.However,existing research has predominantly focused on the effects of leader humor on followers′in-role outputs,often adopting a leader-centric perspective and neglecting followers′proactive motivation in the interactive process.Therefore,it is necessary to explore how leader humor influences follower voice behavior through the activation of proactive motivation and investigate the boundary conditions.Based on the model of proactive motivation,this studystarts from the interaction process between leaders and followers,and explores the direct effect of leader humor on follower voice behavior investigates,the mediating effect of role breadth selfefficacy,work enjoyment and positive affect,and examines the moderating effect of follower power distance between leader humor and the three motivations.Data were collected through a five-week experience sampling method,resulting in 1,028 valid responses from 221 followers,and Mplus8.0 was used to conduct cross-level analysis to test the main effect of leader humor on followers voice behavior and the moderating effect of followers′power distance.Monte Carlo analysis of 20,000 samples was conducted to examine the mediating effects of role breadth self-efficacy,work enjoyment,and positive affect,as well as the moderated mediation effects.The findings are as follows:first,leader humor positively affect follower voice behavior.Second,role breadth self-efficacy,work enjoyment and positive affect play mediating roles between leader humor and voice behavior,and there is no significant difference among the three mediating roles.Third,followers′power distance positively moderates the relationship between leader humor and work enjoyment,with a stronger positive effect of leadership humor on work enjoyment when power distance is higher.Moreover,followers′power distance positively moderates the indirect effect of leadership humor on voice behavior through work enjoyment.Specifically,the mediating effect of work enjoyment is stronger when power distance is higher,thus suggesting a moderated mediation effect.However,there is no significant moderating effect of followers′power distance on the two other mediating paths,namely role breadth self-efficacy and positive affect.The study starts from the interaction process of leaders and followers,extends the effect of leader humor from in-role to out-role,and adds a motivational perspective to the mechanism of leader humor,which enriches leader humor literature from both the effect and the theoretical perspective.Based on the model of proactive motivation,the multi-paths excitation mechanism of voice behavior is discussed,which provides an integrated framework for the related research on voice.The theoretical application of the model of proactive motivation is further enriched by using the complete model as well as considering the influence of the boundary condition on different motivational paths.These conclusions have certain guiding significance for leaders how to use humor correctly to stimulate follower voice behavior.