乌兰察布市大气PM_(2.5)中金属及类金属污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution characteristics and health risks of metals and metalloids in ambient PM_(2.5) in Ulanqab,China

目的 探究2022年乌兰察布市大气PM_(2.5)中12种金属及类金属成分污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价。方法 使用中流量采样器和石英滤膜进行空气PM_(2.5)采样,分析监测空气中PM_(2.5)的浓度,并对其中金属及类金属含量进行测定。采用主成分分析法进行金属及类金属来源分析。采用健康评价模型进行金属非致癌及致癌风险评估。结果 PM_(2.5)浓度M(P25,P75)为17.20(11.33,22.43)μg/m^(3),PM_(2.5)载带12种金属及类金属中Al、Mn浓度最高。主成分分析结果显示Pb、Cd、Tl、As、Cr、Al、Be、Mn元素富集程度显著。健康风险评估结果表明,经吸入途径接触重金属Cr(VI)的致癌风险最高,元素Ni的致癌风险最低,Cd、Cr(VI)、Ni、As对成年男性的致癌风险ILCR值高于成年女性及儿童,其余金属及类金属导致的致癌和非致癌风险处于安全范围内。结论 2022年乌兰察布市PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度未超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)限值(75μg/m^(3)),大气PM_(2.5)金属及类金属主要来源包括燃烧源、扬尘、工业排放源和机动车排放;健康风险评估发现重金属Cr(VI)对成年男性具有潜在致癌风险。

Objective This study aims to explore the pollution characteristics,source analysis,and health risk assessment of 12 metal and metalloid components in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Ulanqab City in 2022.Methods Ambient PM_(2.5) samples were collected using a medium flow sampler and quartz filter membrane.The concentration of PM_(2.5) in the air was monitored through laboratory analysis,and the contents of metals and metalloids were determined.Source analysis of metals and metalloids was carried out using Principal Compo-nent Analysis(PCA).Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of metals were assessed using health evaluation modelling.Results The M(P25,P75)concentration of PM_(2.5) was 17.20(11.33,22.43)μg/m^(3).Among the 12 metals and metalloids carried by PM_(2.5),Al and Mn have the highest concentrations.The principal component analysis indicated that Pb,Cd,Tl,As,Cr,Al,Be and Mn were ngmificantly enriched.The health risk assessment results showed that exposure to heavy metal Cr(VI)through inhalation had the highest carcinogenic risk,Ni had the lowest carcinogenic risk and Cd,Cr(VI),Ni,and As had higher carcinogenic risk ILCR val-ues in adultsmales,than in adult fomales and children,and the carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks caused by other metals and metalloids were within a safe range.Conclusion The daily awerage PM_(2.5) concentration in Ulanqab is below the limit of the Ambient air quality standard(75μg/m^(3)).The main sources of atmospheric PM_(2.5) metals and metalloids include combustion sources,dust,in-dustrial emissions,and motor vehicle emissions.It has been found through the health risk assessment that the heavy metal Cr(VI)has a potential carcinogenic risk to adult males.