东洞庭湖西岸舵杆洲洲滩褐家鼠侵入状况分析

Invasion Situation of Rattus norvegicus in the Duoganzhou Beach Located on the West Bank of East Dongting Lake

为明确近年来东洞庭湖舵杆洲洲滩小兽群落结构的变化,对2021—2024年洲滩小兽的群落组成和繁殖状况展开了调查,并根据监测数据分析了洲滩小兽群落演变的新趋势。结果显示:2021—2022年东方田鼠为第一优势种群,2023年黑线姬鼠为第一优势种群,2024年1月,褐家鼠成为第一优势种群,占比38.71%。2023—2024年1月的解剖数据显示:洲滩褐家鼠主要在春季和冬季繁殖,春季繁殖指数达到4.0,说明褐家鼠已成功侵入洲滩生境,可在舵杆洲洲滩栖息与繁殖。目前褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠、东方田鼠共存于洲滩生境,鉴于褐家鼠明显强于东方田鼠和黑线姬鼠的破坏性,为保障湖区居民的健康和农业安全生产,需密切关注洲滩褐家鼠种群的发展动态。

This study aims to clarify the community structure changes of small mammals in the Duoganzhou beach located on the west bank of East Dongting Lake.A survey was conducted for the community structure and reproduction of small mammals in the beach from 2021 to 2024.Moreover,the evolution trend of the small mammal community was analyzed based on the monitoring data.The results indicated that the first dominant species in the Duoganzhou beach was Microtus fortis during 2021–2022,Apodemus agrarius in 2023,and Rattus norvegicus(38.71%)in January 2024.The data from 2023 to January 2024 showed that R.norvegicus inhabiting the lake beach mainly reproduced in spring and winter,with the reproduction index reaching 4.0 in spring,which suggested that R.norvegicus had invaded and adapted to the habitat in the Duoganzhou beach.At present,M.fortis,A.agrarius,and R.norvegicus coexisted in the beach habitat.Considering the stronger destructive effect of R.norvegicus than those of the other two species,attention should be paid to the population dynamics of R.norvegicus in the beach to ensure the resident health and the safe agriculture production in the Dongting Lake area.