中国工程教育治理的演变历程、体征要素与路径指向

Evolution,Symbolic Elements and Path Direction of Engineering Education Governance in China

构建中国工程教育治理体系是解决工程教育领域顽症痼疾、赋能培养大批卓越工程师、建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地的必然选择。基于政策网络理论,我国工程教育治理历经政府科层主导、拓展多元主体和构建治理网络三个历史发展阶段,并在体征要素方面呈现出了治理主体范畴持续扩大且主体类型日渐多样、治理结构从单一等级化向混合形式持续拓展、治理工具的选取从强调规制命令逐渐转向注重宏观引导以及协商机制、沟通机制与试点机制逐渐形成的特点。同时也存在多元主体结构仍待优化、治理网络的资源整合程度不高、治理工具开发运用不足以及运行保障机制仍需完善的突出问题。未来我国工程教育治理体系的构建应以充分发挥政府元治理角色的关键优势、持续推动内外部网络的联系与互动、注重管理规制与软法治理相结合以及不断完善协商机制与信息流通机制为路径指向。

Building a governance system for engineering education in China is an inevitable choice for solving the persistent problems in the field of engineering education,empowering the cultivation of a large number of outstanding engineers,and building a world-important talent centre and innovation highland.Based on the policy network theory,the governance of engineering education in China has gone through three stages of historical development from government section-led,expanding multiple subjects to building governance networks.In terms of the symbolic elements of engineering education governance in China,it shows that the scope of governance subjects continues to expand and the types of subjects are becoming more and more diversified,the governance structure continues to expand from a single hierarchical form to a mixed form,the selection of governance tools gradually shifts from an emphasis on regulatory commands to a focus on macro-guidance,and the consultation mechanism,the communication mechanism as well as the pilot mechanism have gradually been established.However,at the same time,problems are highlighted as well,e.g.,the structure of the pluralistic main bodies still needs to be optimized,the degree of resource integration of the governance network is not high,the development and application of governance tools are insufficient,and the operational guarantee mechanism still needs to be improved.In the future,China s engineering education governance system should be improved by giving full play to the key advantages of the government s meta-governance role,continuing to promote the linkage and interaction between internal and external networks,focusing on the combination of regulatory management and soft law governance,and continuously improving the consultation mechanism and information flow mechanism.