面向使用性能的金属增材制造点阵夹芯产品检测评价方法研究

Service Performance Oriented Test and Evaluation Technologies on Metal AdditiveManufacturing Lattice Sandwich Components

限于点阵结构多尺度特征、增材制造特种工艺所带来的缺陷萌生以及产品服役所面临的复杂力—热环境,金属增材制造点阵夹芯结构在产品化,尤其是批生产过程中面临性能一致性检测、性能裕量评价等难题。为此,针对金属增材制造点阵夹芯产品开展面向使用性能的检测评价方法研究,在总结金属增材制造点阵夹芯产品宏观变形特征及微观缺陷特征基础上,分析了变形及缺陷常用检测方法,对比其适用性及优缺点。针对工程实践中不易检和不易判读的指标项目,以及性能评价模型尚未完善导致宏观力学性能预测精度不足的现状,提出成形精度、缺陷无损检测与力学性能定制化测试相结合的面向产品使用性能的检测评价方法,并针对安装板开展实例化应用。创新方法包括缺陷检测中的拉偏试样佐证、内部多余物控制等,力学性能定制化测试中的随炉件与平行件思想、普检与抽检思想,以实现产品性能一致性和性能裕量全面评价。

Due to the multi-scale characteristics of lattice structure,the defect occurrence in additive manufacturing,and the complex environment faced by the products in service,metal additive manufacturing lattice sandwich structures are faced with the difficulties of how to detect the consistency of mechanical properties and how to evaluate the limits of perfor-mance,especially for the mass production process.This article focuses on the service performance oriented test and evaluation methods on the metal additive manufacturing lattice sandwich components.With the summarization of the macro-deformation and micro-defect characteristics,relevant non-destructive testing methods are analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages are compared.Furthermore,in view of the items difficult to be checked or distinguished,and the inaccuracy prediction of the mechanical properties resulting from the insufficient evaluation model,a new service performance oriented evaluation method combining the non-destructive testing and the customized tests of mechanical properties is proposed.Applications are illustrated with the installation plate structure.Innovative methods involve proof of samples with prefabricated defects,and internal redundancies control in the aspects of defects detection.Besides,the ideas of furnace parts and parallel parts,together with whole testing and sampling testing are proposed in the mechanical testing aspects.The purpose is to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the consistency and limits of the mechanical performances.