俄国道路的另一种应答:论合法马克思主义者批判民粹派

Another Response to the Russian Path:On the Criticism of Populism by Legitimate Marxists

19世纪末20世纪初俄国未来发展道路问题变得日益迫切,马克思主义者、合法马克思主义者与民粹派都积极宣扬自己的政治主张并试图一劳永逸地解决俄国道路问题。合法马克思主义者以与列宁联手批判民粹派的政治姿态登上历史舞台后,全面批判民粹派的“俄国独特发展道路论”,既加速了民粹派退出俄国历史舞台的步伐,也暴露出背离马克思主义的思想倾向及其俄国走资本主义道路的自由派立场。列宁在批判民粹主义与合法马克思主义两种错误思潮过程中,不仅捍卫了马克思主义,而且为俄国指明了社会主义道路。

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the issue of Russia’s future development path became increasingly urgent.Marxists,legitimate Marxists,and populists all actively promoted their own political ideas and attempted to solve the Russian path problem once and for all.After the legal Marxists joined hands with Lenin to criticize the political stance of the populists,they comprehensively criticized the“Russian unique development path theory”of the populists,which not only accelerated the pace of the populists’withdrawal from the Russian historical stage,but also exposed their ideological tendency to deviate from Marxism and their liberal position of taking the capitalist road in Russia.In the process of criticizing the two erroneous ideological trends of populism and legitimate Marxism,Lenin not only defended Marxism,but also pointed out the socialist road for Russia.