作为社会科学的法学的研究范式——以刑法学为例分析

Research Paradigms of Law as a Social Science:Taking Criminal Law as the Example of Analysis

研究对象决定研究思路和研究方法,进而决定研究范式。法的生命过程经由社会规范及价值选择和可能形成的教义规范,针对法的社会事实、价值形态、教义规范分别产生社科法学、法哲学、法教义学的研究范式,研究范式的孤立存在是不能得出妥当结论的。其中针对法律,为保证安定性,应先以规范分析的方法解释、提炼概念,构建体系,这一过程需引入社会结构、价值观念、动态裁判过程等因素,再以价值分析、实证分析等方法从各侧面反思法律的正当性、合理性。然而,受现实制约,客观的研究应该各自发力,同时又顾及其他研究,形成合力,互相补充,不断改善。

The research object determines the ideas and approaches in the study,which ultimately contributes to the formation of research paradigms.The life process of a law experiences stages as social norms,value choices,or potentially established doctrinal norms.Targeting different research objects:social facts,value patterns,or doctrinal norms of law,the social science of law,philosophy of law,and dogmatics of law have respectively developed their own research paradigms.However,an isolated existence of a research paradigm cannot lead to appropriate conclusions.For a law to be enacted,to ensure its stability,a normative analysis should be employed first to make interpretation,refine concepts and construct the system.This process requires the introduction of factors such as social structure,value concepts,and the dynamic process of adjudication.Then,various approaches like value analysis and empirical analysis should be utilized to reflect on the legitimacy and rationality of the law from multiple perspectives.However,subject to the constraints of reality,an objective research should exert efforts independently while also taking into account other studies to form a synergistic force that complements each other and facilitates continuous improvement.