社区共同体何以可能:中国传统邻里营建与治理的智慧及当代启示

HOW COMMUNITY IS POSSIBLE:TRADITIONAL WISDOM AND CONTEMPORARY INSPIRATION OF CHINESE NEIGHBORHOOD BUILDING AND GOVERNANCE

根植我国地方传统与文化基因,探讨了中国特色邻里营建与治理的传统智慧。研究揭示,中国传统社会的“双轨政治”与“简约治理”框架下,基层治理呈现出“地血交融、双元共治”的特色模式,基于地缘性的乡里制度与根植血缘性的宗族制度两种力量交织并存于邻里单元。从地域、生活、治理3个核心维度,揭示传统邻里聚落面向社区共同体的整体营建与治理策略:作为地域共同体,邻里单元配置以“地著为本”,依托编户与划地形成“户-地”二重构造的组织逻辑;作为生活共同体,以德治仁学塑造共同价值观,以非正式制度实现化礼成俗和话语认同;作为治理共同体,通过官绅民共治,民间组织为制度力量,均以求平、合作互助实现多元共治。最后面向当代社区共同体建设总结经验借鉴与挑战启示。

This paper explores the traditional wisdom that is rooted in China’s local traditions and cultural DNA and embedded in neighborhood building and governance with Chinese characteristics.It uncovers that,under the framework of“dual-track politics”and“simplified governance”prevalent in traditional Chinese society,grassroots governance presents a distinctive model characterized by“integration of land and family bonds,dual co-governance”,and the two forces rooted in the geographical township system and the clan system are intertwined within the neighborhood unit.From the three core dimensions of territory,life,and governance,the paper distills the integral building and governance strategy of traditional neighborhood settlements oriented towards community.As a community based on territory,the neighborhood unit allocation is land-based,relying on the organizational logic of“household-land”dual-structure.As a community of life,it reflects the common values shaped by“Rule of Virtue”and“centering on benevolence”,along with rites,customs and discourse identification realized by informal systems.As a community of governance,it promotes fair distribution,cooperation,and mutual assistance through the co-governance of the officials,local elites,and the populace,with civil organizations serving as the institutional force.In the end,conclusions drawn from past experience and challenges that inspire contemporary community building are proposed.