论城中村对市民化的双重作用机制——“阶梯效应”和“藩篱效应”

DUAL FUNCTION MECHANISM OF URBAN VILLAGE TO CITIZENIZATION:LADDER EFFECT AND FENCE EFFECT

城中村作为我国发达城市新市民的主要聚居空间,它对新市民租户的市民化究竟产生何种影响?这一问题在学界长期存在争议。本文提出,城中村既具有促进新市民市民化的阶梯效应,也存在抑制新市民社会流动的藩篱效应。基于广州石牌村、棠下村的田野调查和对24位新市民租户的深度访谈,系统解析了城中村阶梯效应和藩篱效应的产生机制,研究发现:城中村的低成本居住空间、资本的合作型嵌入和“村改居”是阶梯效应显现的关键媒介,而公共服务缺失、建筑环境、社会隔离、资本的竞争型嵌入以及基层“共谋”现象是藩篱效应显现的主要机制。同时,城中村的上述效应在不同的新市民群体——“生存主义者”和“发展主义者”中存在差异。在此基础上,重新思考了城中村难题难以破解的原因,并对城中村更新提出建议。

Urban villages are the main settlement for the floating population in developed cities in China.However,there has been a long-standing academic controversy on how urban villages influence these floating tenants.This paper proposes that urban villages simultaneously have the Ladder Effect which can promote the social mobility of the floating tenants,and the Fence Effect which would solidify their social class.Based on the field survey in Shipai Village and Tangxia Village in Guangzhou and in-depth interviews with 24 tenants,this paper systematically analyzes the generation mechanism of the Ladder Effect and the Fence Effect of urban villages.It is found that the key mechanism of the Ladder Effect is the low-cost housing,cooperatively embedded business model,and the reform of grass-root governance system.And the lack of public service,crowded building environment,social isolation,competitively embedded business model,as well as the collusion between capital and village collective are the key mechanism causing the Fence Effect.Meanwhile,the effects of these factors differ between different tenant groups,that is,the“survivalist”and the“developmentalist”.Based on that,this paper reconsiders the reasons why the problem of urban villages is difficult to solve,and puts forward some suggestions for urban village redevelopment.