2016-2022年山东省日照市市售蔬菜农药残留情况调查分析

Survey on pesticide residues in vegetables sold in Rizhao city,Shandong province from 2016 to 2022

目的了解2016-2022年山东省日照市市售蔬菜中的农药残留污染情况,为蔬菜中农药残留的监督管理提供科学依据。方法2016-2022年在山东省日照市的四个区县连续随机采样,共采集蔬菜样品850份,利用气相色谱-质谱联用分析仪,按照《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的方法对样品中的29种农药残留进行测定。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计数资料比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2016-2022年共检测850份蔬菜样品,农药残留总检出率为14.8%(126/850),总超标率为4.7%(40/850)。检测的农药中以拟除虫菊酯类农药和有机磷类农药残留检出率较高,其中毒死蜱样品和氯氟氰菊酯样品检出率较高,分别为2.9%(25/850)和2.8%(24/850)。超标率以毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷最高,分别为2.9%(25/850)和1.2%(10/850)。茄果类和叶菜类农药残留检出率和超标率较高(χ^(2)值分别为9.96、18.41,P<0.01)。不同年度蔬菜农药残留检出率和超标率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为10.08、16.26,P<0.01)。农贸市场采集的蔬菜农药残留检出率和超标率高(χ^(2)值分别为18.11、9.74,P<0.01)。结论2016-2022年山东省日照市市售蔬菜存在一定程度的农药残留。

Objective To understand the status of pesticide residues in vegetables sold in Rizhao city from 2016 to 2022,so as to provide scientific basis for the supervision and management of pesticide residues in vegetables in the future.Methods From 2016 to 2022,a total of 850 vegetable samples were collected from 4 counties in Rizhao city of Shandong province,29 pesticide residues in samples were determined using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analyser in accordance with the National Risk Monitoring Manual for Food Contaminant and Hazardous Factors.The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software,and the 2 test was used for comparison of count data.Results A total of 850 vegetable samples were detected from 2016 to 2022.The total detection rate of pesticide residues was 14.8%(126/850),and the total over-standard rate was 4.7%(40/850).The detection rates of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides were high,and the detection rates of chlorpyrifos and cyhalothrin were 2.9%(25/850)and 2.8%(10/850)respectively.The over-standard rates of chlorpyrifos and acephate were the highest,accounting for 2.9%(25/850)and 1.2%(10/850)respectively.The detection rate and over-standard rate of pesticide residues in solanaceous and leafy vegetables were significantly higher in different kinds of vegetables(χ^(2)=9.96,18.41 respectively,P<0.01).There were significant differences in detection rate and over-standard rate of pesticide residues in vegetables in different years(χ^(2)=10.08,16.26 respectively,P<0.01).There were significant differences in total detection rate and total over-standard rate of pesticide residues in vegetable samples collected from different sampling sites.The detection rate and over-standard rate of pesticide residues in vegetables collected from farmers'market were significantly higher(χ^(2)=18.11,9.74 respectively,P<0.01).Conclusion There was a certain level of pesticide contamination in vegetables sold in Rizhao city.