清水江文书所见山场经管地图

The Management Maps of Mountain Farm in Qingshuijiang Documents

清水江文书中的山场经管地图是林业文书的重要内容,是研究清至民国时期西南少数民族调节人工营林产权纠纷,促进林业可持续运行的重要物证。其中家族村社间宜林地产权权属地图确定了不同家族的山场界限,有利于家族山场的纠纷解决;家族村社内产权转让地图确定了家族山场股权变化关系;山主与栽手间的宜林地使用权责地图反映了外来栽手与山主涉及林木种植、管护的权利和义务。这些地图揭示了西南少数民族林业土地产权经管方面的特点和效用、林业管护的本土知识和制度保障,以及有清以降基层地图与民族山区产权制度确立的相互关系,可为学界对中国民间传统舆图的使用实践及其文本价值研究提供新的视野。

The management maps of mountain farm in Qingshuijiang Document were important material to research on how ethnic minorities in the Southwest China resolved the property rights dispute of artificial forestry and promoted the forestry operation from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The maps recorded in property ownership of suitable land for forest among family villages defined the mountain farm boundaries of different families, and maintained the stability of the family mountain farm. The maps recorded in the possession transferred mode among family villages defined the possession change among family farms. The maps recorded in the right of suitable land for forest between farmers and mountain owners revealed the rights and obligations in planting trees, managing and protecting forests of different identities.Above maps reveals that the characteristics and effects of the suitable land for forest property rights management, as well as indigenous knowledge and institutional guarantee of forestry management among local ethnic minorities. The relations between maps of mountain farm and property rights in the ethnic area could be provided a new perspective for the practice and text research in Chinese traditional maps.