清代中期河工物料与技术的变化

Materials and Technology Renewal of the Yellow River Engineering during the Mid-Qing Dynasty

清代中期,在清帝与河官的推动下,黄河治理取得了技术与实践进展。乾隆时期,柴秸取代柳梢成为大宗物料,并直接促进厢埽法的产生;嘉庆时期,南河地区解决了碎石采运问题,碎石坦坡技术得以推广;道光时期,因石山偏远,东河地区选用砖块替代碎石,并推行抛砖筑坝技术。清代中期河工物料与技术呈现由南河至东河的变化路径。河工物料与技术的变化不仅是治河技术的改进,亦是黄河下游治理认知能力的提升,二者共同体现了传统水利技术的发展。

Governance of the Yellow River has made technological and practical progress under the promotion of Emperors and officials in the mid-Qing Dynasty. The change of main materials from willow to straw was accompanied by the popularization of utilizing fascine to strengthen the sides of embankment in the Qianlong period. The massive input of crushed stone promoted the renewal of slope making in the south area along the Yellow River during the Jiaqing period. The application of brick and brick dam technology solved the problem of limited stone production in the east area along the Yellow River during the Daoguang period. The material and technology evolution began in the south area and transferred to the east area of the Yellow River later. The evolution of materials and technology in river engineering was not only reflected the improvement in river engineering technology, but also the enhancement of river engineering cognitive ability, which jointly reflected the traditional water conservancy technology development.