强化企业科技创新主体地位:理论逻辑、现实困境与对策建议

Strengthening the subject position of enterprise S&T innovation:Theoretical logic,practical dilemmas and suggestions

强化企业科技创新主体地位是顺应历史发展规律、遵循市场规律和科技创新规律的必然选择。我国企业在国家创新体系中的地位经历了从技术开发主体、技术创新主体到科技创新主体的发展过程。当前,企业科技创新发展取得了显著成效,高质量创新型企业不断涌现,企业创新活力明显增强,企业成为名副其实的研发经费投入、创新成果产出、科技成果转移转化主体,但在新时期实现高水平科技自立自强、发展新质生产力、实现高质量发展等新目标新要求下,我国企业在创新要素集聚、基础研究投入、创新决策话语权、融通创新发展等方面还存在着一些系统性和制度性障碍。强化企业科技创新主体地位的关键在于提升企业创新要素聚合能力、加强产学研用深度融合、推动大中小企业融通创新、营造良好企业创新生态和前瞻布局基于科学的未来产业。

Strengthening the subject position of enterprise S&T innovation is an inevitable choice to comply with the laws of historical development,and to follow the laws of the market and S&T innovation.The position of Chinese enterprises in the national innovation system has undergone a continuous development process from being the subject of technological development,technological innovation,to scientific and technological(S&T)innovation.Currently,there have been significant advancements made in the development of enterprise S&T innovation,with high-quality innovative enterprises consistently emerging and their innovation vitality significantly increasing.Enterprises have become a true subject of R&D investment,innovation output,and transfer and transformation of S&T achievements.However,compared with the new requirements of achieving high-quality development,constructing a new development pattern,and achieving high-level S&T self-reliance and self-improvement in the new era,there are still some systemic and institutional obstacles in the agglomeration of innovation factors,investment in basic research,discourse power in innovation decision-making,and integration of innovation development.To strengthen enterprises'position as the primary source of technological innovation,it is necessary to enhance their ability to combine innovation elements,strengthening the deep integration of industry,academia,research and application,promoting the integration of innovation among large,medium and small enterprises,creating a good innovation ecology for enterprises,and forward-looking layout of future industries based on science.