聚异丁烯苯酚曼尼希碱季铵盐的制备及其对柴油燃烧特性的影响

PREPARATION OF POLYISOBUTYLENE PHENOL MANNICH BASE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT AND ITS EFFECT ON DIESEL THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS

为提升柴油的使用性能,制备了清净剂聚异丁烯苯酚曼尼希碱季铵盐(HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS),并研究了其对柴油热效率和排放特性的影响。首先以高活性聚异丁烯(HRPIB)与苯酚反应合成聚异丁烯苯酚(HRPIBP),然后HRPIBP与甲醛、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(DMPA)反应制得聚异丁烯苯酚曼尼希碱(HRPIBP-DMPA),最后HRPIBP-DMPA与1-溴丁烷反应制得产物HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS,对HRPIBP和HRPIBP-DMPA的合成条件进行了优化。HRPIBP的最优合成条件为:反应温度100℃、反应时间6 h、n(BF_(3))∶n(HRPIB)=0.4、n(PhOH)∶n(HRPIB)=2;HRPIBP-DMPA的最优合成条件为:反应温度110℃、反应时间16 h、n(HRPIBP)∶n(甲醛)∶n(DMPA)=1.0∶3.0∶2.5。添加HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS柴油样品的发动机台架试验评价结果表明:添加HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS有利于提高柴油的有效热效率,降低NO_(x)、碳烟、CO的排放量。相比于空白柴油,添加1500 mg/L该清净剂的柴油样品的NO_(x)和碳烟排放量最大降幅分别为27.4%和28.6%。

In order to improve the performance of diesel fuel,polyisobutylene phenol Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt(HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS)was prepared,and its effects on diesel thermal efficiency and emission characteristics were studied.Firstly,polyisobutylene phenol(HRPIBP)was synthesized by the reaction of highly reactive polyisobutylene(HRPIB)with phenol,and then reacted with formaldehyde and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine(DMPA)to prepare polyisobutylene phenol Mannich base(HRPIBP-DMPA).Finally HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS was prepared by reaction of HRPIBP-DMPA with 1-bromobutane.The synthesis conditions of HRPIBP and HRPIBP-DMPA were optimized.The optimum conditions of HRPIBP covered a reaction time of 4 h,a reaction temperature of 100℃,a molar ratio of boron trifluoride etherate to HRPIB equaling to 0.4,and a molar ratio of phenol to HRPIB equaling to 2.The optimum conditions of HRPIBP-DMPA covered a reaction time of 16 h,a reaction temperature of 110℃,and a molar ratio of HRPIBP,formaldehyde and DMPA equaling to 1.0∶3.0∶2.5.The evaluation results of engine bench test with diesel fuel samples containing HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS showed that the HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS addition of 1500 mg/L could improve the effective thermal efficiency of diesel fuel and reduce the emission of NO_(x),soot and CO.Compared with blank diesel fuel,the maximum reduction rate of NO_(x)and soot was 27.4%and 28.6,respectively,which indicated that HRPIBP-DMPA-QAS had good application prospects.