中国古典园林人工曲水形式探源——南越国宫苑曲流石渠研究

Exploring the Origins of Artificial Qushui Forms in Chinese Classical Gardens:A Study on the Winding Stone Canal in Nanyueguo Palace

中国古典园林中的曲水已有千年历史,园林曲水以天然曲水形式为原型,在造园中体现着独特的审美意趣与美学意境。从“曲”与“曲水”的释义解读出发,对园林曲水的发展历程进行脉络梳理,确立南越国宫苑曲流石渠作为现存的第一条人工曲水实例的重要地位。在曲水历史探源基础上,以成景意图为线索对南越国宫苑曲水的整体格局、形式设计等进行具体考究,结合曲流石渠的地形高差、工程构造、用材装饰等工艺技术,最终呈现出距今两千多年南越国宫苑蜿蜒生动的曲流景观,为传统园林水景理法的传承以及后世曲水营建可持续发展提供参照与范本。研究结果在理解古代岭南地区与中原地区在文化、政治以及经济上的交流与融合,文化遗产传承与保护,推动地域性景观发展方面具有重要意义。

The curved water in the classical Chinese garden has a history of 1000 years.Curved water is based on the natural curved water form,reflecting the unique aesthetic interest and conception of gardening.Starting from the interpretation of“Qu”and“Qushui”,this paper sorts out the development process of garden qushui.It establishes the critical position of the Winding stone canal of the Nanyueguo Palace as the first existing example of artificial Qushui.Based on exploring the historical origin of Qushui,the overall pattern and form design of the Qushui of the Nanyueguo Palace are studied explicitly to form the scenery as a clue,combined with the topographic elevation difference,engineering structure,material decoration,and other technological technologies of the winding stone canal,and finally presents the and vivid winding landscape of the Nanyueguo Palace more than 2000 years ago,which provides a reference and model for the inheritance of the traditional garden waterscape theory and the sustainable development of the construction of Qushui in later generations,and understands the cultural,political and economic exchanges and integration between the ancient Lingnan region and the Central Plains.It is of great significance to inherit and protect cultural heritage and promote the development of regional landscapes.