古藏文“■”的语义演变及其历史地理意义

The Semantic Evolution of the Old Tibetan“Pho-brang”and Its Historical and Geographical Significance

敦煌古藏文文献和吐蕃金石铭文中频繁出现“■”一词,且在不同语境中含义不一,准确阐释这一词汇及其语义演变对吐蕃制度文化和历史地理研究具有重要意义。文章以《吐蕃大事纪年》等古藏文材料中的“■”一词为研究对象,通过梳理其以赞普住所为核心义,以最高行政机构为延伸义,并最终发展为赞普尊号的语义关系及其演变路径,试图探讨该词汇的语义和语用演变所反映的吐蕃历史之演进,分析产生“■”这一“移动的中心”之历史背景和具体运行机制,从而揭示以“■”为核心的特殊空间体系对吐蕃历史地理产生的影响。文章认为,“■”的制度性迁移作为一种空间利用策略,有利于赞普王室加强与各地权贵氏族的联系,实现对广阔空间的灵活治理。在此制度背景下,与吐蕃王室保持稳定关系的部分地区在吐蕃中后期逐渐跃升为核心区域,在吐蕃历史进程中扮演了重要角色。

The word“pho-brang”frequently appears in old Tibetan documents from Dunhuang and inscriptions of the Tubo period,its meaning varies in different contexts,and it is of great significance to accurately explain this term and its semantic evolution for the study of Tubo's institutional history and historical geography.This paper takes the word“pho-brang”in theOld Tibetan Annalsand the inscriptions as the research object,discusses its semantics in etymological sense,sorts out its semantic evolution and internal context with the residence of bTsan-po as the core semantics,extending it to the court,and becoming the title of bTsan-po,attempts to explore the evolution of the history of Tubo as reflected by the semantic and pragmatic evolution of the term,analyzes the historical background and specific operating mechanism of the“mobile center”,and reveals the influence of the special spatial system on the historical-geography of Tubo.This paper argues that the institutional mobilization of“pho-brang”as a spatial utilization strategy is conducive to the Tubo royal family to strengthen its ties with powerful clans in various places,and realize the flexible governance of the vast space.In the context of this system,some areas that maintained a continuous and stable relationship with the Tubo royal family gradually became core areas in the middle and late Tubo period,played an important role in the history of Tubo.