儿童脊柱脊髓肿瘤的诊断与治疗

Diagnosis and treatment of spinal and spinal cord tumors in children

儿童脊柱脊髓肿瘤少见,且因其通常表现为非特异性症状,易误诊,进而导致严重后果。儿童脊柱肿瘤大多为良性肿瘤,主要包括骨样骨瘤、成骨细胞瘤和动脉瘤样骨囊肿;脊柱恶性肿瘤罕见,主要包括骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤、淋巴瘤和转移性神经母细胞瘤。儿童脊髓肿瘤主要包括星形细胞瘤、室管膜瘤和神经鞘瘤;以及先天性良性肿瘤,如脊髓脂肪瘤和畸胎瘤,相对并不少见。本文对上述儿童脊柱脊髓肿瘤的临床特征进行综述,以期提高临床对儿童脊柱脊髓肿瘤的认识,指导诊断与治疗。

Spinal and spinal cord tumors in children are rare and often present with non⁃specific symptoms,leading to delayed diagnosis and potentially catastrophic consequences.Most pediatric spinal tumors in children are benign tumors,primarily including osteoid osteomas,osteoblastomas and aneurysmal bone cysts.Malignant spinal tumors are extremely rare,mainly including osteosarcoma,Ewing's sarcoma,lymphoma and metastatic neuroblastoma.Pediatric spinal cord tumors mostly include astrocytomas,ependymomas and schwannomas.There are also congenital benign tumors,such as lipomas and teratomas,which are relatively not uncommon.This article provides a review of the clinical characteristics of spinal and spinal cord tumors in children,with the aim of improving clinical understanding of pediatric spinal and spinal cord tumors,and guiding diagnosis and treatment.