儿童哮喘与细菌关系的研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship between Asthma and Bacteria in Children

哮喘是儿童时期常见的肺部疾病,其持续的气道慢性炎症引起的气道高反应在哮喘发作严重时可引起气道阻塞,对儿童的生长发育造成严重影响。儿童哮喘发作的诱因较复杂,除病毒外,细菌也是不可忽视的因素之一。近年来,越来越多的研究表明儿童哮喘发作和细菌有关。围生期的细菌暴露及围生期抗生素的使用率均可以对日后儿童哮喘的发生产生影响作用。儿童上呼吸道定植的细菌多样性、下呼吸道细菌感染种类均可能影响儿童哮喘发作及其发作的严重程度。肠道菌群失衡也可能是诱发儿童哮喘发作的原因。本文主要从以上几方面进行综述来探讨细菌在儿童哮喘发生发展过程中的重要作用,并为进一步研究儿童哮喘的预防和临床实践提供有益的参考。

Asthma is a common lung disease in childhood.Airway hyperresponsiveness caused by persistent chronic airway inflammation can cause airway obstruction when asthma attacks are severe,which has a serious impact on the growth and development of children.The causes of asthma attack in children are more complex,in addition to viruses,bacteria is also one of the factors that can not be ignored.In recent years,a growing number of studies have linked asthma attacks in children to bacteria.Both perinatal bacterial exposure and perinatal antibiotic use may influence the development of childhood asthma later in life.The bacterial diversity colonized in the upper respiratory tract and the types of bacterial infections in the lower respiratory tract may affect the onset and severity of asthma attacks in children.An imbalance in the gut flora may also be the cause of asthma attacks in children.This article mainly reviews the above aspects to discuss the important role of bacteria in the occurrence and development of childhood asthma,and provides a useful reference for further research on the prevention and clinical practice of childhood asthma.