预测子痫前期的相关因子研究进展

Research Progress on Factors Related to Predicting Pre-eclampsia

子痫前期(PE)是常见的妊娠并发症,严重威胁母婴健康。临床表现主要为高血压、水肿、蛋白尿,可导致多器官功能受损、弥漫性血管内凝血、胎盘早剥、胎儿生长受限等多种不良围产结局,是孕产妇及新生儿死亡率增加的主要原因之一。其基本病理生理变化是全身小血管痉挛和血管内皮损伤,但其发病机制尚未完全明确,相关学说主要包括子宫螺旋小动脉重铸不足、炎症免疫过度激活、血管内皮细胞受损、遗传因素等。为减少不良妊娠结局的发生,加强对PE的筛查尤为重要。本文根据相关研究,分析胰岛素样生长因子-1、胎盘生长因子、可溶性fms样酪氨酸激酶-1、可溶性fms样酪氨酸激酶-1/胎盘生长因子、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A、血清胎盘蛋白13等因子与其发病及严重程度的评估作用。孕期通过对高危孕妇相关因子的检测,有助于PE早发现早治疗早预防,对降低母婴死亡率有重要意义。

Pre-eclampsia(PE)is a common pregnancy complication that seriously threatens the health of both mother and baby.The main clinical manifestations are hypertension,edema,and proteinuria,which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction,disseminated intravascular coagulation,placental abruption,fetal growth restriction,and other adverse perinatal outcomes.It is one of the main reasons for the increase in maternal and neonatal mortality rates.The basic pathological and physiological changes are systemic small vessel spasm and endothelial injury,but its pathogenesis is not fully understood.Relevant theories mainly include insufficient remodeling of uterine spiral arterioles,excessive activation of inflammatory immunity,damage to endothelial cells,genetic factors,etc.It is particularly important to strengthen screening for PE in order to reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Based on relevant studies,this paper analyzes the role of insulin-like growth factor-1,placental growth factor,soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1,soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor,pregnance-associated plasma protein A,serum placental protein 13 and other factors in evaluating the pathogenesis and severity of the disease.Detecting factors related to high-risk pregnant women during pregnancy can help detect,treat,and prevent PE early,which is of great significance in reducing maternal and infant mortality rates.