知识与仪式之间的历史记忆:对三月十九日“太阳生日”传奇的再考察

Historical Memory between Knowledge and Rituals:A Rexamination of the Legend of“Sun's Birthday”on the Nineteenth Day of the Third Month

崇祯帝自杀的三月十九日曾被清初的明遗民广泛接受为悼念明朝的纪念日,并被认为经由明遗民的创造而化为东南沿海民间信仰中的“太阳生日”,在清代承载着与“反清复明”有关的历史记忆。本文在学者既往成果的基础上,根据文献研究与田野调查,试图从两个面向——太阳生日的传奇作为一项关于历史记忆的“知识”的流衍,以及民间信仰仪式承载历史记忆的独特逻辑——重构这一传奇的生命史,以期加深对清中叶以来知识传播的认识,并丰富与民间信仰和历史记忆有关的讨论。

The 19th day of the 3rd month in the Chinese calendar,when Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide,was widely accepted by Ming loyalists in the early Qing era as a memorial day to mourn the Ming.It is believed that through the creation of Ming loyalists,that day was transformed into the“Sun’s birthday”in the popular religions among the southeast areas,which carried historical memories related to“opposing the Qing and restoring the Ming”throughout the Qing dynasty.Based on previous scholars,archival research,and fieldwork,this paper attempts to reconstruct the life story of that legend from two aspects:the legend of the Sun birthday as a“knowledge”about historical memory and the uniqueness of rituals in popular religions,in order to deepen the understanding of the history of knowledge dissemination since the mid-Qing and enrich discussions related to popular religions and historical memory.