从宗教诉求到族群认同:印度帕西人的起源及演变

From Religious Claims to Ethnic Identity:The Origin and Evolution of the Parsis in India

7世纪末8世纪初,波斯一部分琐罗亚斯德教徒因不愿改宗伊斯兰教而被迫背井离乡,在“宗教诉求”的驱动下形成团体,几经辗转,于8世纪中后期登陆印度。此后经过近三百年的努力,该群体通过建构他者认同和完善共生模式,顺利定居塞犍,成功建立火庙,得以融入新环境,成为新的族群,被印度人以“波斯”谐音称为“帕西人”。10世纪末至16世纪中叶,帕西人在与不同族群、宗教团体的交往和冲突过程中强化了“族群认同”,在个人选择与社会确认的共同推动下成为一个稳固的族群,并以塞犍为中心不断向外迁徙,最终形成五个宗教片区和多个聚居中心。帕西族群的形成与发展是一个共生体在“自我归因”与“他人认定”的双重形塑下,实现从“宗教诉求”到“族群认同”的演变、提高群体共生度和社会适应度并借此进行互动的自组织过程。

In the late 7th and early 8th centuries,some Zoroastrians in Persia were forced to leave their homeland because of their unwillingness to convert to Islam,and they formed a group driven by common"religious claims"and landed in India in the mid-to-late gth century.After nearly three hundred years of hard work,this group,by constructing the identity of the other and perfecting the mode of symbiosis,successfully settled in Sanjan and established fire temples.They were able to integrate into the new environment and become a new community,which was called"Parsis"by the Indians.From the end of the 10th century to the middle of the 16th century,the Parsis strengthened their"ethnic identity"in their interactions and conflicts with different ethnic and religious groups,and became a solid ethnic group under the co-construction of personal choice and social confirmation.They continued to migrate outward with Sanjan as the center,and ultimately formed five religious districts and multiple settlement centers.The formation and development of the Parsis is a process of self-organization that continuously increases the degree of group symbiosis and social adaptation to strengthen interaction.In this process,the evolutionary logic from"religious claims"to"ethnic identity"is realized by the combined effect of"self-belonging"and"other-identification".