岳飞《满江红》词真伪及创作时期新论

A New Investigation on the Authenticity and Creation Time of Yue Fei's“Man Jiang Hong”

岳飞《满江红·怒发冲冠》词非明人伪作,且应系年于绍兴七年,其创作背景与岳飞辞职居庐山、以浑瑊自期及此后的淮西兵变等事件相关。该词的题材、声情、平仄取择皆更符合南宋时期《满江红》词调创作之特点,而与明中叶以前不符;该词在南宋时期的接受史并非空白,如宋宁宗时期的武人诗词中已见该词影响之痕迹。贺兰山为唐代建中会盟明确划定的唐蕃边界,“踏破贺兰山缺”句源自绍兴七年庐山事件中岳飞以浑瑊自期的背景,在用典与写实之间将视野由宋金之争推廓至汉唐以来的南北政权对峙,表达了岳飞欲长驱燕赵、恢复中原的壮志。考岳珂诗有“壮怀徒激烈”句,此亦与《满江红》词背景相关。《满江红》词为《鄂王家集》所未收,非因岳珂未见,而更可能是由于《鄂王家集》为经进之编,该词的创作背景、内容用词均于岳飞平反之事无益,且与南宋时期长调的主流趋向及岳珂本人的词学取向不甚相符,因此岳珂未将其收入《鄂王家集》中。

Yue Fei's poem“Man Jiang Hong”(The River All Red)is not a forgery of the Ming Dynasty.It was written in the seven years of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty.Its creation background is related to some events such as Yue Fei's resignation and living in Lushan,taking Hun Jian as his example,and the Huaixi mutiny.It is more suitable with the characteristics of the tune in the Southern Song Dynasty,but not similar to the early Ming Dynasty.The history of the reception of Yue Fei's“Man Jiang Hong”in the Southern Song Dynasty was not blank,and the influence can be seen in the warriors'poetry in the era of Emperor Song Ningzong.The Helan Mountain is the boundary between the Tang Dynasty and the Tubo,and the writing background of the sentence“breaking through the lack of Helan Mountain”is related to Yue Fei's taking Hun Jian as his example,which expresses his ambition to recapture the lost territory.Yue Ke wrote“the great aspiration was intense but fruitlessly”,which is related to the creative background of Yue Fei's“Man Jiang Hong”.Yue Ke did not include“Man Jiang Hong”in E Wang Jia Ji,not because he didn't find it,but more likely because E Wang Jia Ji was codified for the emperor.The creative background,theme and diction of“Man Jiang Hong”are not conducive to redress a grievance for Yue Fei,for it is unique but different from the mainstream trend of long tune in the Southern Song Dynasty and Yue Ke's aesthetic tendency.