史籍初分:荀勗《中经新簿》丙部分类再讨论

The Early Classification of History Section:A Further Discussion on the Third Section of Xun Xu's A New Catalogue of Book Collection in the Royal Library

荀勗《中经新簿》将史籍分为史记、故事、杂事三部分。史记包括纪传体、编年体史书及其史源起居注,也包括与上述广义“正史”概念对应的“杂史”和性质上非正统政权的史记“霸史”。故事包括职官、仪注、刑法,而《皇览》也被视作故事,其目录附于故事之末。杂事对应后代杂传、地理、谱系与簿录,杂传与纪传体史书列传部分密切相关,杂传与地理、杂传与谱系、谱系与簿录,存在交错关系。史记、故事、杂事三类以正史修纂为中心,将本纪、志书、列传以至载记各个层次的相关书籍、相关资料纳入“丙部”,以区别于六经、诸子、诗赋,看似粗疏简略,其实严整细密,代表了西晋时期对史书的基本认识。后世史部十余个二级目录,依然可以还原到这三部分。

In the third section of Xun Xu's A New Catalogue of Book Collection in the Royal Library(Zhong Jing Xin Bu),the historical books are classified into three parts which are historical records,previous examples and miscellaneous affairs.Historical records include not only biographical and chronological history books as well as the latter's sources,namely the records of emperor's daily activities,but also miscellaneous history books which are relative to the above generalized official ones and history books of local regimes which are heterodox.Previous examples contain books about previous matter,government post,ceremonial note and criminal law,as well as The Grand Readings(Huang Lan).Miscellaneous affairs correspond to the later books about miscellaneous biography,geography,pedigree and catalogue.Miscellaneous biography is closely related to the biographical part of biographical history book and coincide partly with geography and pedigree.Pedigree and catalogue also have partial overlap.Centering on the compilation of official history,relevant books to the sketch of the emperor,institutional history,biography as well as chronicle of minor state are classified as historical records,previous examples and miscellaneous affairs,thus forming the history section which differs from the sections of classic,philosophy and collection.In fact,Xun Xu's classification of the history section is strict and meticulous,although seeming rough and simple,and it reflects the basic understanding of historical books in the Western Jin Dynasty.In the later times,history section is divided into more than ten secondary catalogues which can still be classified as the three parts proposed by Xun Xu.