金融素养能否推进居民共同富裕——基于微观家庭数据的经验研究

Can Financial Literacy Advance the Common Wealth of Residents?Empirical Study Based on Micro Household Data

针对金融素养能否优化家庭收入及消费结构,进而推进居民共同富裕的问题,文章从物质与精神富裕两维度,基于中国家庭金融调查2015、2017及2019年数据,实证考察金融素养对居民共同富裕的影响及作用机制。研究表明:金融素养能显著提升我国居民共同富裕水平,但目前大部分居民金融素养相对较低,且共同富裕成效主要体现于物质富裕;家庭收入结构是金融素养促进共同富裕的重要路径;家庭消费结构在金融素养推进共同富裕发展中存在传导作用,并发挥了遮掩效应;金融素养对我国城市、东西部地区及高中等教育程度的居民共同富裕的正向影响更大。因此,应重视大部分中国居民金融素养较低的现状并缩小个体间金融学习及应用能力的差距;注重居民精神富裕的充实;坚持先富带后富向更广更深层面推进。

In response to the question of whether financial literacy can optimize household income and consumption structure,thereby promoting the common wealth of residents,this article constructs a Common Wealth Index for Residents from both material and spiritual dimensions.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey in 2015,2017,and 2019,the study empirically examines the impact and mechanism of financial literacy on the common wealth of residents in terms of household income structure and consumption structure.The study finds that:financial literacy can significantly enhance the level of common wealth among residents in China.However,the current financial literacy of the majority of residents is relatively low,and the effectiveness of common wealth is mainly reflected in material wealth.The household income structure is an important pathway for financial literacy to promote common wealth,and the household consumption structure plays a transmission role and a masking effect in the development of common wealth driven by financial literacy.The positive impact of financial literacy on the common wealth of urban residents,those in the eastern and western regions of China,and those with higher and secondary education is greater.Therefore,it is essential to pay attention to the current situation of low financial literacy among most Chinese residents and to narrow the gap in individual financial learning and application capabilities.There should be an emphasis on enriching residents’spiritual wealth and adhering to the principle of the rich leading the less rich to promote common wealth on a broader and deeper level.