现代化的教育需要怎样的经费投入规模与结构——基于1995—2018年OECD国家的数据分析

What Scale and Structure of Funding Investment is Needed for Modernized Education:Data Analysis based on OECD Countries from 1995 to 2018

教育经费投入规模与结构反映了国家教育政策和教育发展水平。通过对1995—2018年间《教育概览:OECD指标》教育经费统计数据的分析发现:1995—2018年间OECD国家的教育经费投入规模相对稳定,占各国GDP比例均值稳定在5%左右;OECD国家的公共教育投入占政府公共支出比例在10.5%左右;国家间经费投入类型有所不同,公共投入和社会投入有差距,有70%以上的OECD国家以公共投入为主;不同层级教育经费投入有差异,中小学教育阶段公共投入占比最高,高等教育阶段社会投入占比相较于中小学阶段更大。相比之下,我国教育经费投入规模占GDP4%左右,仍低于OECD国家均值约1个百分点,公共教育投入占政府公共支出比例在15%,投入结构以公共投入为主。面对教育现代化发展高质量教育体系的要求,未来我国各级政府需要构建起教育经费保障机制,通过财政和政策支持以确保我国教育经费总投入不断增长,逐步提高社会投入规模与占比,特别是逐步提高高等教育阶段多主体的成本分担比例。

The scale and structure of education funding reflect national education policies’and education development level.Through the analysis of the education funding statistics of EducationataGlance:OECDIndicators from 1995 to 2018,it can be found that the scale of education funding in OECD countries was relatively stable from 1995 to 2018,and the average proportion of GDP in each country was stable at about 5%;the proportion of public education investment in OECD countries to government public expenditure was about 10.5%;the types of funding investment between countries were different,and there was a gap between public investment and social investment.More than 70%of OECD countries were mainly public investment;there were differences in education funding investment at different levels,with the highest proportion of public investment in primary and secondary education,and a larger proportion of social investment in higher education compared to the former.In contrast,the scale of education funding investment in China accounted for about 4%of GDP,which was still about one percentage point lower than that of OECD countries.The proportion of public education investment in government public expenditure was 15%,and the investment structure was mainly public investment.Facing the requirements of a high-quality education system under the development pattern of education modernization,governments at all levels in China need to build an education funding guarantee mechanism in the future,ensure the continuous growth of total education funding through financial and policy support,gradually increase the scale and proportion of social investment,and especially gradually increase the cost sharing ratio of multiple subjects in higher education.