地方立法规制民事活动的空间及其遵循

The Space and Compliance for Local Legislation in Regulating Civil Activities

地方立法对民事活动的规制,主要是基于公共和私人利益最大化的目的,对民事活动的相关方面进行调控和干预,要求当事人遵循特定的活动方式,以实现规制目标。通过类型化分析,主要可以概括为民事裁判规范和民事管理规范两种规范类型。民事裁判规范以直接调整民事关系、产生民事法律效果为目的,并且能够作为民事裁判的依据。现有理论和司法实务均未能发展出一般性的判断规则;通过对实证法的规范分析,地方立法可以设定民事裁判规范,其权限空间以民法典授权条款为限,并应当遵循一定的解释路径和规则。民事管理规范不涉及民事权利义务关系的实质内容,因此不受法律保留约束,设定空间较为宽泛。民事管理规范应当遵循实质合理性的要求,体现公共利益面向和法规范的目的统一性。

The regulation of civil activities by local legislation is mainly based on the purpose of maximizing public and private interests,regulating and intervening in relevant aspects of civil activities,requiring the parties to follow specific modes of action to achieve the goal of regulation.Through typological analysis,it can be summarized into two types of norms:civil judgment norms and civil management norms.Civil judgment norms are aimed at directly adjusting civil relations and producing civil legal effects and can be used as the basis for civil adjudication.Existing theories and judicial practice have failed to develop general judgment rules;through the normative analysis of positive law,local legislation can set civil judgment norms,whose scope of authority is limited to the terms authorized by the Civil Code and should follow certain interpretative paths and rules.Civil management norms do not involve the substantive content of the relationship between civil rights and obligations,so they are not subject to legal restrictions,and the setting space is relatively broad.Civil management norms should follow the requirements of substantive rationality and reflect the unity of public interest orientation and legal norms.