西方生命伦理学的方法论困境与基于儒家生命伦理学的超越思路

Methodology dilemma of Western bioethics and transcendent approach based on Confucian bioethics

西方生命伦理学以个人主义为理论基础,其实质是一种普遍主义伦理学,难以回应复杂的道德生活。以恩格尔哈特、麦金太尔为代表的学者从道德多元化视角对普遍主义伦理学进行了深刻反思,但是却未能从根本上解决争议。把握普遍主义与特殊主义之争的理论脉络,可以为当代中国构建基于儒家思想的生命伦理学提供重要参照,进而在与普遍主义和特殊主义对立的视角下,针对生命科技的时代问题和中国文化背景,既实现儒家伦理学的现代诠释,又促进现代生命伦理学理论的有效运用。

Western bioethics,with its theoretical basis in individualism,is essentially a form of universalist ethics that makes it difficult to respond to the complexities of moral life.Scholars represented by Engelhardt and MacIntyre have profoundly reflected on universalist ethics from the perspective of moral pluralism,but they have not been able to fundamentally resolve the disputes.Grasping the theoretical lineage of the controversy between universalism and particularism can provide an important reference for the construction of bioethics based on Confucianism in contemporary China.Furthermore,from the perspective of opposing universalism and particularism,as well as in response to the issues of the era of life science and technology and the cultural background of China,it can not only realize the modern interpretation of Confucian ethics,but also promote the effective application of modern bioethics theory.