赤泥、磷石膏、脱硫石膏联合作用的固废土壤化治理与改良调控方式综述

A review of solid waste soil treatment and improvement regulation methods through the combined action of red mud,phosphogypsum,and desulfurization gypsum

赤泥、磷石膏、脱硫石膏等巨量固废堆存占用土地、浪费资源并污染环境,甚至危害人体健康,然而它们具有固定重金属、增加土壤团粒结构、吸附有机质能力等作用。将多种固废混合并养护,进行土壤化改良与治理并加以利用,使之变“废”为“宝”,可有效解决上述问题。通过查阅整理相关文献并结合实验数据,概括出碱性、物理结构、养分平衡、污染物调控4种调控方式。碱性调控中,可通过向赤泥中添加石膏、生物脱碱等方法降低固废土壤碱性。物理结构调控中,可通过固废表面覆土、添加改良剂、生物调控等方式增强土壤团聚体稳定性。化肥在短时间内可提供给土壤上方作物所需养分。针对赤泥为主固废土壤中耐盐碱植物、微生物联合赤泥、石膏等改良剂相互作用,可长期有效改善土壤贫瘠、养分缺失问题。对于污染物调控,超积累植物可有效去除土壤重金属,微生物可利用其特定代谢过程,加速污染物的分解与去除。上述调控方式可为针对性地对固废进行土壤化治理与改良提供理论支持。

The large amount of solid waste stored,such as red mud,phosphogypsum and desulphurized gypsum,which would occupies land area,wastes resources and pollutes the environment,even harms human health.Through transposing consideration,three of them still have the functions of fixing heavy metals,increasing the soil aggregate structure,and strong adsorption of organic matter and so on,respectively.The above problems can be effectively solved by mixing and nurturing multiple types of solid waste,carrying out soil improvement and treatment.It also can turn"waste"into"treasure"by utilizing them.According to the different purposes,this summary concluded four regulatory methods:the regulating of alkaline,physical structure,nutrient balance and pollutant by having consulted,organized literature,and combined with my own experimental data.In alkaline regulation,the alkalinity of solid waste soil can be reduced by adding gypsum to red mud,biological dealkalization,and other methods.In the regulation of physical structure,the stability of soil aggregates can be enhanced through methods such as covering the surface of solid waste with soil,adding amendments,and biological regulation.Fertilizer can provide the nutrients needed for crops above the soil in a short period of time.The interaction between salt alkali tolerant plants,microorganisms,and amendments such as red mud and gypsum in red mud based solid waste soil can effectively improve soil infertility and nutrient deficiency in the long term.For pollutant control,super accumulating plants can effectively remove heavy metals from soil,and microorganisms can utilize their specific metabolic processes to accelerate the decomposition and removal of pollutants.The above regulatory methods can provide theoretical support for targeted soil remediation and improvement of solid waste.